Microblogging, Visual, PDF/PPT/MP4, Auditory, MP3/Podcast, Digital, Multimedia: human-development

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<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-size:17px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  — [http://goo.gl/1SaQD5] Taught By Professor Malcolm W. Watson, Ph.D., University of Denver, Brandeis University_______________________Did you know that the notion that children are different from adults, and require special care, is only about 200 years old?</span></div></H2> <br /><br />

<div class="citajbm"> :: RT: Theories of Human Development Lectures ▶ http://goo.gl/SGk9MO ◀ Did you know we can trace most of our modern ideas about children to just two renowned thinkers of the 17th and 18th centuries? ↠ #Education #Pedagogy #Psychology #Philosophy #Theories #HumanDevelopment #CognitiveDevelopment CognitiveMediation #MalcolmWatson </div> <br /><br />

<div class="JBMCode"> 01. Introduction-The Value of Theories <br /><br />
02. The Early History of Child Study <br /><br />
03. Two Worldviews-Locke vs. Rousseau <br /><br />
04. Later History-Becoming Scientific <br /><br />
05. Freud's Psychodynamic Theory <br /><br />
06. How We Gain Contact with Reality-The Ego <br /><br />
07. Freud's Psycho-Sexual Stages <br /><br />
08. Erikson's Psycho-Social Theory <br /><br />
09. Erikson's Early Stages <br /><br />
10. Identity and Intimacy <br /><br />
11. Erikson's Later Stages-Adult Development <br /><br />
12. Bowlby and Ainsworth's Attachment Theory <br /><br />
13. How Nature Ensures That Attachment Will Occur <br /><br />
14. Development of Secure and Insecure Attachments <br /><br />
15. Early Attachments and Adult Relationships <br /><br />
16. Bandura's Social Learning Theory <br /><br />
17. Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory <br /><br />
18. Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental Theory <br /><br />
19. Piaget's Early Stages <br /><br />
20. Concrete Operations <br /><br />
21. Piaget's Last Stage <br /><br />
22. Vygotsky's Cognitive-Mediation Theory <br /><br />
23. Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development <br /><br />
24. Conclusions-Our Nature and Development </div> <br /> <br />

<CENTER><b><span style='color: blue; font-size: large;'>Click on the links <img alt="Click on the links to watch the videoclips" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNJx87chRjoe9A7gXA1eIeG3AEEBciFqin-snblzMry38-pthVsi2_xZ7CG_EaN7nWTFc4Dnd6_5_JUjoU-keSNUke0bOSs8uH9YVPU0J8jOyZkymmmWMwABhm79o968eH0pOuFP2W1JMw/s320/online-stats-BenjaminMadeira-com.gif" style="width: 35px; height: 35px; border: 0px none ;" title="Click on the links to watch the videoclips"/> below so you can watch the videoclips :: </span></b></CENTER><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL-5sCwEIU4&hd=1&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> 00. Intro - Prof. Malcolm Watson  - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 1min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a alt="The Value of Theories - Theories of Human Development" href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRViOYgznu8&hd=1&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();" title="The Value of Theories - Theories of Human Development"> 01. Introduction - The Value of Theories - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a alt="The Early History of Child Study - Theories of Human Development" href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taOszf85xLE8&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();" title="The Early History of Child Study - Theories of Human Development"> 02. The Early History of Child Study - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 28min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a alt="The Early History of Child Study - Theories of Human Development" href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLFzmwDFz8U&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();" title="The Early History of Child Study - Theories of Human Development"> 03. The Early History of Child Study - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a alt="Later History-Becoming Scientific - Theories of Human Development" href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSsflpgpEcA&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();" title="Later History-Becoming Scientific - Theories of Human Development"> 04. Later History-Becoming Scientific - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 30min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a alt="Freuds Psychodynamic Theory - Theories of Human Development" href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJUMMgYXQcE&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();" title="Freuds Psychodynamic Theory - Theories of Human Development"> 05. Freud's Psychodynamic Theory - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a alt="How We Gain Contact with Reality-The Ego - Theories of Human Development" href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dk_bMa44IZQ&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();" title="How We Gain Contact with Reality-The Ego - Theories of Human Development"> 06. How We Gain Contact with Reality-The Ego - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 30min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a alt="Freuds Psycho-Sexual Stages - Theories of Human Development" href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyP53GfdEfo&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();" title="Freuds Psycho-Sexual Stages - Theories of Human Development"> 07. Freud's Psycho-Sexual Stages - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a alt="Eriksons Psycho-Social Theory - Theories of Human Development" href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etLbyhZE3Rw&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();" title="Eriksons Psycho-Social Theory - Theories of Human Development"> 08. Erikson's Psycho-Social Theory - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 30min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a alt="Eriksons Early Stages - Theories of Human Development" href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyvDbwFvVz8&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();" title="Eriksons Early Stages - Theories of Human Development"> 09. Erikson's Early Stages - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a alt="Identity and Intimacy - Theories of Human Development" href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iKC2ncx-xI&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();" title="Identity and Intimacy - Theories of Human Development"> 10. Identity and Intimacy - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a alt="Eriksons Later Stages-Adult Development - Theories of Human Development" href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sr6GVYuno_o&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();" title="Eriksons Later Stages-Adult Development - Theories of Human Development"> 11. Erikson's Later Stages-Adult Development - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a alt="Bowlby and Ainsworths Attachment Theory - Theories of Human Development" href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNFOt27pnvg&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();" title="Bowlby and Ainsworths Attachment Theory - Theories of Human Development"> 12. Bowlby and Ainsworth's Attachment Theory - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OeVdo_38T7c&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> 13. How Nature Ensures That Attachment Will Occur - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHO0-QDgzJo&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> 14. Development of Secure and Insecure Attachments - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEjZ7C-4R1o&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> 15. Early Attachments and Adult Relationships - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GX8y7oXTCM8&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> 16. Bandura's Social Learning Theory - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 34min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQet2mwZER0&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> 17. Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4l9dIFEVfM&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> 18. Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental Theory - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQNOGsMrlbs&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> 19. Piaget's Early Stages - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRClCuBO8-Q&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> 20. Concrete Operations - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aN9TRTu-zW0&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> 21. Piaget's Last Stage - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaV6ThEDGQo&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> 22. Vygotsky's Cognitive-Mediation Theory - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvwoh2d4ufQ&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> 23. Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 31min. </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iS0hUQ_Ltw&hd=1&start=08&vq=hd720&hl=en&cc_lang_pref=en&cc_load_policy=1&modestbranding=0&playsinline=1&origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com&enablejsapi=1'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> 24. Conclusions-Our Nature and Development - Theories of Human Development, MP4 - 30min. </a> <br /><br/>

</ul> </strong></span> </div>  </div>

<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="font-size:18px; color: #000000;"> <span style="font-size:20px; background-color: #FFFF00;"> <span itemprop="name"> <strong> — 24 lectures  |  30 minutes each  :: </strong> </span> </span> </span></div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center"><font color="#0404B4"><span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:10pt"> [ <a class="explicacion"> <b>Malcolm W. Watson, intended for nonprofit, home use / domestic, educational, discussion purposes only.</b> <span> Malcolm W. Watson for educational, discussion purposes only </span></a> ] </span> </font> </div> <br />
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<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="font-size:15px; color: #000000;"> <span style="font-size:20px; background-color: #FFFF00;"> <span itemprop="name"> <strong> — These lectures (Theories Of Human Development) introduce you to the six theories that have had perhaps the greatest influence in the field of human development including Freud's Psychodynamic Theory, Erikson's Psycho-Social Theory and Piaget's Cognitive-Development Theory. Meeting the people who formulated each theory, you will become familiar with their philosophical backgrounds and the historical contexts in which they worked, and you will also study the specific processes of human development that each theory describes. </strong> </span> </span> </span></div><br />
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http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2016/01/theories-human-development.html?m=1

We first discuss neo-Freudian revisions in Freud's theory. We then discuss Erikson's history, including his experience with his own identity crisis, and describe how his stages of development are based on the need to develop mastery and personal identity through a series of crises in one's life cycle.

The first four stages of Erikson's theory provide the foundation of development for the child: developing trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, initiative versus guilt, and industry versus inferiority.

Erikson was the first to propose two pivotal stages of development after childhood. During adolescence, Stage 5 is a crisis of developing identity versus role confusion. Stage 6, in young adulthood, is a crisis of developing intimacy versus isolation. The lecture concludes with differences between women and men in developing identity and intimacy.

Erikson's last two stages occur in adulthood and old age. Stage 7 is a crisis of developing generativity versus stagnation, and Stage 8 is a crisis of developing ego integrity versus despair. The last stage connects all the issues with which a person has already dealt.

This lecture introduces attachment theory by describing the personal histories and research of its creators. We continue with a "secure base," for which the theory was famous, and an attachment system for the adaptation of the species.

Bowlby rejected Freudian psychodynamic theory as inadequate to explain attachment. He turned instead to ethology theory, and its concept of innate releasing mechanisms. We discuss the allure of babyish features and their role in attachment, and attachment in the first year of life.

This lecture describes the normal development of a secure attachment, and Ainsworth's "strange situation" task—the most popular assessment for secure attachment. We examine insecure attachments: what they are, how they may predict several psychopathological problems in development, and causes.

Our discussion concludes with relations between early attachment and later relationships. Bowlby developed the "internal working model" of a child's attachment, which provides constant security, and influences subsequent attachments. Early attachments influence adult romantic relationships.

A fourth major theory, Albert Bandura's social learning theory, added a cognitive focus to learning theory. It showed how the influence of what one expects to happen is more important than what does happen. This focus led to the concept of "vicarious reinforcement."

Bandura extended the cognitive focus of his theory by arguing that a person's development of self-efficacy (or belief that one can have an effect on one's environment) determines the tasks one attempts and the skills one develops.

This lecture introduces the most important theorist in the field of child development, Jean Piaget. It describes Piaget's history and his attempt to combine naturalist biology and philosophy to create a field called genetic epistemology (how we come to know what we know).

Piaget's sequence of four major stages describes how we progress from infant to adult intelligence. Symbol use emerges by the end of infancy, the sensory-motor period. Preschoolers master symbolic skills in the pre-operational period.

The discussion of Piaget's theory continues by focusing on what preschoolers can and can't do, and how the five-to-seven year shift is a pivotal transition to Piaget's third stage, the concrete-operational period.

This lecture begins with a description of Piaget's Stage 4, the formal-operational period. This is a time of "idealistic" thinking. We consider examples of formal-operational logic, abstraction, and hypothetical thinking.

Lev Vygotsky was practically unknown to Western thinkers until recently, but his theoretical influence on development and education is constantly increasing. As a Russian theorist he believed that Marxism could provide a foundation for a better theory of psychological development.

Vygotsky argued that a person's level of development is not a specific point but a range or zone. This "zone of proximal development" shifts over time. We examine examples of "scaffolding," an important notion in education.

This concluding lecture uses the allegory of blind men describing an elephant to illustrate how different theories might give a partial or even false understanding of human nature and development. We discuss ways to integrate the major theories, using the example of gender role development. We end with a reprise: Where does the student now stand regarding major issues of human development?

Jean Piaget believed infants begin at acognitively “primitive” level and progressin distinct stages.

Piaget’sschemasare the most basic unitof intellect, which act as patterns thatorganize interactions with theenvironment.

Cognitive adaptation reflects the actionsof two complementary processes:
Assimilation:absorbing new information intoexisting schemas
Accommodation:adjusting old schemas ordeveloping new ones to better fit with the newinformation

Cognitive Development Theory
It views people as active growing beings with their own interval impulses and patterns of development. It sees every normal person from infancy on, as a doer who actively constructs his or her own world. Jean believe, the core of intelligent behavior is an inborn ability to adapt to the environment, building sensory, motor and reflex capacities, young children learn about and act upon their surroundings.  This theory is occurring in a series of stages, each stage constitutes a qualitative change from one type of thought and behavior to another.

Assimilation is the process of receiving new facts or of responding to new situations in conformity with what is already available to the consciousness.

Accommodation, this happens when the existing schema (knowledge) does not work, and needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation.

Equilibrium this is the force which moves development along. Piaget believed that cognitive development did not progress at a steady rate, but rather in leaps and bounds. Equilibrium occurs when a child's schemas can deal with most new information through assimilation. However, an unpleasant state of disequilibrium occurs when new information cannot be fitted into existing schemas (assimilation). Equilibration is the force which drives the learning process as we do not like to be frustrated and will seek to restore balance by mastering the new challenge (accommodation) Onnce the new information is acquired the process of assimilation with the new schema will continue until the next time we need to make an adjustment to it.

Social Learning Theory
 This theory states that behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning. This is an outgrowth of behaviorism, maintains that children, in particular, learning behaviors by observing and imitating models usually the parents. Social learning theory is different from behaviorism. First it regards the learner as an active contributor to his or her learning. Second they believe that theories based on animal research cannot explain human behavior. People learn in social context, and human learning is more complex than simple conditioning and the lastly, social learning theory acknowledges the importance of cognition. Identification is different to imitation as it may involve a number of behaviors being adopted whereas imitation usually involves copying a single behavior.

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