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Stuff Mom Never Told You — «A History of Fashion Modeling» — (MP3/Audio)

<div itemscope> <div style="text-align: center"> <a class="highlightJBM" href="https://benjaminmadeira.blogspot.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html"> <img alt="How Stuff Works: Fashion Modeling - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira" border="0" itemprop="photo" oncontextmenu="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" oncopy="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitQWSfElFj58RbaP80iKom9Vb9HSqbzWeeR19Iy2WShKGrFeU23v6r1b_clmRULFZfawOgX6SsjLSaZQXqPYnRI0OoJEAM4DuktBTfSN8dX_lovCVdKRFsqjfFzacjkBiWjHINiqzD9Psn/s280/moda1.jpg" style="width: 280px;height: 175px;" title="How Stuff Works: Fashion Modeling - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira"/> </a><br />
<span> <a href="#mp3" style="text-decoration: none;"><font color="#301ce2"> Stuff Mom Never Told You </font></a> - Photo: <a href="https://www.google.com/#q=How+Stuff+Works+Fashion+Modeling+site:benjaminmadeira.com" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="How Stuff Works: Fashion Modeling"><font color="#FF4000"> © Creative Commons</font></a> / <a alt="How Stuff Works: Fashion Modeling" href="http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/search/label/podcast" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="How Stuff Works: Fashion Modeling"><font color="#FF4000"> illustration </font></a> </span> </div> </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-size:17px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  — [https://goo.gl/MX79ce] This episode is _______________________about sizing up the history of modeling and how it's influenced beauty culture at large. </span></div></H2> <br /><br />

<div class="citajbm"> :: RT: Fashion Modeling ▶ https://goo.gl/8KiJCQ ◀, When did models begin strutting down the catwalk? View models not as privileged preternatural beings, but as workers who have wage and health-and-safety needs like everyone else. | #Fashion #Modeling #Bras #highHeels #Handbags #Makeup #Thongs #Pants #Panties</div> <br /><br />

<div class="JBMCode">PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN presents (2006) a cultural history of modelling paying particular attention to the construction of models’ public personas through the addition of layers of meaning: class, race, nationality and so on. In doing so I will approach the study of model’s bodies as “natural symbols” (Douglas, 1994), a notion widely used in interdisciplinary gender studies (see, for instance, Warner, 1985). I will assume a notion of the body as an artefact resulting from the performative reiteration of collectively defined identity norms performed by each individual subject (Butler, 1990; Soley-Beltran, 2001). Thus, the body is taken as a sign of personal and social identity, a key to understanding the links between individuals and hegemonic definitions of identity, that is, between subjects and social institutions. Learning to control the appearance of one’s body is the first lesson in the social school of symbolic embodiment of acceptable identity and behaviour. Therefore, I expect that the historical review on the construction of the social prestige of female models will reveal the cultural values underlying such embodiment.</div> <br /> <br />

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<center><strong><span style="font-size:18px; color: #0B610B;"> <span itemprop="name"> <a name="mp3"> MP3 </a> — In these episodes: Fashion modeling and other stuff your Mom Never Told You About! :: </span></span></strong></CENTER> <br />
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<ol>
<li class="playing">
<a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://archive.org/download/GritoJingle/Grito_Jingle.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You">Stuff Mom Never Told You: Intro - 3sec</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://archive.org/download/EnglishTeacherLukeBenjaminMadeiraCom/English-Teacher-Luke-BenjaminMadeira-com.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You">Stuff Mom Never Told You Podcast: Jungle - 13sec</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2015-02-23-smnty-evolution-of-modeling.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Cristen and Caroline: A History of Fashion Modeling, Feb 23, 2015, MP3 - 51min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2009-08-10-smnty-women-wear-highheels.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: High heels are a popular fashion accoutrement for modern women, but they also cause foot and knee problems. So why do women still wear them?, Aug 10, 2009, MP3 - 31min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2009-11-11-smnty-bras-serve-purpose.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Caroline and Cristen: Most modern women wear bras on a daily basis, but why? Do bras serve any purpose?, Nov 11, 2009, MP3 - 23min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2010-10-13-smnty-women-carry-handbags.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Molly and Cristen: These days, a majority of modern women carry a handbag of some sort. Why do women carry handbags?, Oct 13, 2010, MP3 - 25min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2011-06-15-smnty-men-wear-makeup.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Historically, men have always worn makeup. But now, wearing makeup is seen as effeminate. Why don't men wear makeup?, June 15, 2011, MP3 - 18min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2012-01-04-smnty-thongs.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Whether or not you're a fan of thongs, there's no denying that they attract attention. Who invented the thong?, Jan 4, 2012, MP3 - 32min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2013-10-16-smnty-pants.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: When did women start wearing pants?, Oct 16, 2013, MP3 - 37min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2015-01-19-smnty-underwear.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Cristen and Caroline: The history of women's underwear is probably shorter than you think. A History of Panties, Jan 19, 2015, MP3 - 53min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2015-08-17-smnty-topplessness.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Cristen and Caroline: Why can't women go topless?, Aug 17, 2015, MP3 - 50min</span> </a> </li>

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<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: darkgreen"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:20pt"> [ <a class="explicacion"> <b>Stuff Mom Never Told You Podcast, intended for nonprofit, home use/ classroom / domestic, educational, discussion purposes only. Audio retrieved from StuffMomNeverToldYou.com</b> <span> Audio, for discussion purposes only. </span></a> ] </span> </span> </div> <br />

<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: darkgreen"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:20pt"> [ <a class="explicacion"> <b>SOURCE/ MLA format: • Stuff Mom Never Told You. "Classic Episode: Living Dolls: A History of Fashion Modeling." Online audio clips. Webpage, 2009-2015. Web. Retrieved on 7. Jan. 2018.</b> <span> Stuff Mom Never Told You Podcast. </span></a> ] </span> </span> </div> <br /> <br />

<div class="citajbm"> <a alt="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN" href="http://www.raco.cat/index.php/Tripodos/article/download/40000/40075" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN"><font color="#FF4000"> "Charming Power. Models as Ideal Embodiments of Normative Identity", Trípodos. Llenguatge, Pensament, Comunicació, Vol 18, 2006, Barcelona. 23-43. </font></a>PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN was a professional top model, now she holds a Master of Arts in Cultural History by the University of Aberdeen and she is a Doctor (PhD) in Sociology of Gender by the University of Edinburgh. Her book <i>Divine! Models, Power and Lies</i> has received the 43rd Anagrama Essay Prize (2015). She is member of the Research Group History of Science Studies (University Pompeu Fabra), member of the working group on the body “Cos-logia” (Institut Català d’Antropologia), founding member of the International Society for Cultural History and Editorial Board Member of Critical Studies of Fashion and Beauty</div> <br /> <br />

<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: blue"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:20pt"> [ <b>• Soley-Beltran worked as a fashion model, got a PhD on the Sociology of Gender, researched intensely on body, beauty and identity, and won the 2015 Anagrama Essay Prize for her book <i>Divine! Models, Power and Lies</i>. <a alt="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN in Youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/13262vdldzY" target="_blank" title="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN in Youtube">Change the model! | Patrícia Soley-Beltran | TEDxBarcelonaWomen</a> </b> ] </span> </span> </div> <br /> <br />

<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: blue"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:20pt"> [ <b>• PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN is also available in Spanish: <a alt="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN is also available in Spanish" href="http://www.patriciasoley.com/dasuserfiles/rte/file/cuerposideales.pdf" target="_blank" title="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN is also available in Spanish">"Cuerpos ideales. Una aproximación interdisciplinaria al estudio de las modelos de moda".</a> La presentació social del cos, Quaderns d’Antropologia 26, Institut Català d’Antropologia, Barcelona (Junio 2011). 107-134. </b> ] </span> </span> </div> <br /> <br />

<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: blue"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:20pt"> [ <b>• Tras los flashes, el lujo y el glamour, la industria de la moda esconde su cara menos amable, la relacionada con la sociedad de consumo, las necesidades creadas y la construcción de la identidad de los individuos en base a los intereses de las grandes marcas. <a alt="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN en Youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_v-y8EKGrOM" target="_blank" title="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN en Youtube">PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN en Youtube</a> </b> ] </span> </span> </div> <br /> <br />

<div class="citajbm"> 
<span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style='font-size:20px;'>Patrícia Soley-Beltran's Academic Papers :</span>  </span> <br />

"<a href="http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/RBD/article/view/9904/12715" target="_blank">Cuestiones de bioética relativas a la transexualidad y el transgénero</a>" (2014) Revista de Bioética y Derecho, Universitat de Barcelona. No. 30. 21-39. <br /> <br />

"<a href="http://www.quadernsdepsicologia.cat/article/view/1163" target="_blank">¿Buen sexo o sexo de verdad? Perspectivas sobre la regulación del género</a>" (Good sex or true sex? Perspectives on gender governance), Quaderns de Psicologia, Dossier "Deconstrucción de la psicopatología: actualización y retos de investigación", Teresa Cabruja (ed) (2013). Vol 15, No 1. 45-46. <br /> <br />

"Muñecas que hablan. Ética y estética de los modelos de belleza en publicidad y moda" en Josep Martí (ed) Dossier <a href="http://rdtp.revistas.csic.es/index.php/rdtp/issue/view/23" target="_blank">La presentación social del cuerpo en el contexto de la globalización y la multiculturalidad, Revista de Dialectología y Tradiciones Populares</a>, vol. LXVII, n.o 1, pp. 115-146, enero-junio 2012. <br /> <br />
 
"<a href="http://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/journals/view-issue,id=2104/" target="_blank">Aesthetic (Dis)Orders: Styling Principles in Fashion Modelling</a>"; Critical Studies in Fashion and Beauty, Vol. 2, Issue 1& 2, (2011). 185-205. <br /> <br />

"<a href="http://sexualities.sagepub.com/content/14/3/334" target="_blank">‘Having Words For Everything'. Institutionalising Gender Migration in Spain (1998-2008)</a>", Sexualities, Law and Sexuality, Volume 14 Issue 3 June 2011. 334 -353. (co-authored with Coll-Planas, Gerard). <br /> <br />

"<a href="http://www.socresonline.org.uk/12/1/soley-beltran.html" target="_blank">Transsexualism in Spain. A Cultural and Legal Perspective</a>", Sociological Research Online, Vol 12 (1), 2007.   <br /> <br />

(2007) "<a href="http://www.patriciasoley.com/dasuserfiles/rte/Abrir_posibilidades_Entrevista_Judith%20Butler(1).pdf" target="_blank">Abrir Posibilidades. Entrevista con Judith Butler</a>", Lectora, Vol. 13, Spain. 217-239. (co-authored with Beatriz Preciado) <br /> <br />

"El “sexo” y la Matriz Heterosexual. Aspectos teóricos y empíricos de una reconstrucción sociológica de la teoría performativa de género de Judith Butler", Riff-Raff, Vol 34, 2006, Universidad de Zaragoza. 127-142. <br /> <br />

"<a href="http://www.raco.cat/index.php/Asparkia/article/view/108944/155070" target="_blank">In-Transit: La transexualidad como migración de género</a>", Género y Migraciones, Asparkía. Investigació Feminista 15, Publicacions de l’Universitat Jaume I, 2005, Castelló (Spain). 207-232. <br /> <br />

"<a href="http://ejw.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/11/3/309" target="_blank">Modelling Femininity</a>" in Spectacular Women, European Journal of Women Studies, Sage, 11(3), 2004, London. 309-326. <br /> <br />

"Supermodelos como emblema cultural", Historia, Antropología y Fuentes Orales 22, 1999, Barcelona. 105-11. <br /> <br />

</div>

<div class="citajbm"> 
<span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style='font-size:20px;'>Sources :</span>  </span> <br /><br />

• [1] <p>"<a href="http://www.bet.com/shows/access-granted/photos/2010/10/bgr10photoshistoryoftheblacksupermodel.html?cid=twitter#!HistoryofSupermodel-13ToccaraJones-FB" target="_blank">A History of the Black Supermodel</a>." http://www.bet.com/shows/access-granted/photos/2010/10/bgr10photoshistoryoftheblacksupermodel.html?cid=twitter#!HistoryofSupermodel-13ToccaraJones-FB</p> <br /><br />
 
• [2] <p>"<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/18/chanel-iman-talks-racism-in-fashion-indsutry-_n_2900038.html" target="_blank">Chanel Iman Talks Racism In The Fashion Industry: 'We Already Found One Black Girl. We Don't Need You'</a>." http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/18/chanel-iman-talks-racism-in-fashion-indsutry-_n_2900038.html</p> <br /><br />
 
       
• [3] <p>"<a href="http://www.thenation.com/article/176141/fashion-models-are-workers-too" target="_blank">Fashion Models Are Workers, Too</a>." http://www.thenation.com/article/176141/fashion-models-are-workers-too</p> <br /><br />
 
• [4] <p><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=crmMhdqcS5wC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><i>Fashion Models: Image, Text and the Industry</i></a><i>.</i> https://books.google.com/books?id=crmMhdqcS5wC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</p> <br /><br />
 
• [5] <p>"<a href="http://www.forbes.com/2007/10/02/modeling-moss-bundchen-biz-media_cz_kb_1003supermodels.html" target="_blank">How to Be a Supermodel</a>." http://www.forbes.com/2007/10/02/modeling-moss-bundchen-biz-media_cz_kb_1003supermodels.html</p> <br /><br />
 
• [6] <p>"<a href="blog.yupnet.org/2013/08/23/mannequin-parade-the-first-fashion-models/" target="_blank">'Mannequin Parade' - The First Fashion Models</a>." blog.yupnet.org/2013/08/23/mannequin-parade-the-first-fashion-models/</p> <br /><br />

• [7] <p><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oc2utNlf_AYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><i>Model: The Ugly Business of Beautiful Women</i></a>. https://books.google.com/books?id=oc2utNlf_AYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</p> <br /><br />
 
• [8] <p>"<a href="http://jezebel.com/new-york-fashion-week-diversity-talks-but-white-faces-1522416724" target="_blank">New York Fashion Week: Diversity Talks but White Faces Walk</a>." http://jezebel.com/new-york-fashion-week-diversity-talks-but-white-faces-1522416724</p> <br /><br />

• [9] <p>"<a href="http://nymag.com/thecut/2013/07/first-black-supermodel-whom-history-forgot.html" target="_blank">The First Black Supermodel, Whom History Forgot</a>." http://nymag.com/thecut/2013/07/first-black-supermodel-whom-history-forgot.html</p> <br /> <br />

• [10] <p>"<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qrCCBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Cultural Encyclopedia of the Breast</a>." https://books.google.com/books?id=qrCCBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</p> <br /><br />

• [11] <p>"<a href="http://www.vice.com/video/femen-sextremism-in-paris" target="_blank">Femen - Sextremism in Paris</a>." http://www.vice.com/video/femen-sextremism-in-paris</p> <br /><br />

• [12] <p>"<a href="http://time.com/3834365/map-topless-laws/" target="_blank">Here's Where It's Legal for Women to Go Topless in the U.S</a>." http://time.com/3834365/map-topless-laws/</p> <br /><br />

• [13] <p>"<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/16/nyregion/a-police-roll-call-reminder-women-may-go-topless.html?_r=3&" target="_blank">See Topless Woman? Just Move On, Police Are Told</a>." http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/16/nyregion/a-police-roll-call-reminder-women-may-go-topless.html?_r=3&</p> <br /><br />

• [14] <p>"<a href="http://isiswardrobe.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-bared-bosom-in-17th-and-18th.html" target="_blank">The bared bosom in 17th and 18th century art</a>." http://isiswardrobe.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-bared-bosom-in-17th-and-18th.html</p> <br /><br />

• [15] <p>"<a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/09/the-social-and-legal-arguments-for-allowing-women-to-go-topless-in-public/279755/" target="_blank">The Social and Legal Argoments for Allowing Women to Go Topless in Public</a>." http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/09/the-social-and-legal-arguments-for-allowing-women-to-go-topless-in-public/279755/</p> <br /><br />

• [16] <p>"<a href="https://www.yahoo.com/health/the-weird-wild-legal-history-of-breasts-and-104942336487.html" target="_blank">The Weird, Wild Legal History of Breasts and Nipples</a>." https://www.yahoo.com/health/the-weird-wild-legal-history-of-breasts-and-104942336487.html</p> <br /><br />

• [17] <p>"<a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30052071" target="_blank">Toplessness - the one Victorian taboo that won't go away</a>." http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30052071</p> <br /><br />

• [18] <p>"<a href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/05/economist-explains-20" target="_blank">Why are feminists going topless?</a>" http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/05/economist-explains-20</p> <br /><br />

• [19] <p>"<a href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/51840/7-things-historical-women-wore-under-their-skirts" target="_blank">7 Things Historical Women Wore Under Their Skirts</a>." http://mentalfloss.com/article/51840/7-things-historical-women-wore-under-their-skirts</p> <br /><br />

• [20] <p>"<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Le5qnhFFZWAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">An Intimate Affair: Women, Lingerie and Sexuality</a>." https://books.google.com/books?id=Le5qnhFFZWAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</p> <br /><br />

• [21] <p>"<a href="http://www.npr.org/2013/05/07/179872180/shocked-a-memoir-about-beauty-and-its-beholders" target="_blank">How Elsa Schiaparelli Changed Women's Underwear</a>." http://www.npr.org/2013/05/07/179872180/shocked-a-memoir-about-beauty-and-its-beholders</p> <br /><br />

• [22] <p>"<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jqTToUwfElQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Reforming Women's Fashion, 1850 - 1920: Politics, Health and Art</a>." https://books.google.com/books?id=jqTToUwfElQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</p> <br /><br />

• [23] <p>"<a href="http://www.mum.org/underhis.htm" target="_blank">Some facts about European underwear, 1700 - 1900, and its relationship to what women used for menstruation</a>." http://www.mum.org/underhis.htm</p> <br /><br />

• [24] <p>"<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S8bTzilz1BMC&pg=PA153&dq=women%27s+underwear+history&hl=en&sa=X&ei=t5WqVMj2GMTWoATrv4HgCw&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=women%27sunderwearhistory&f=false" target="_blank">The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through World History: 1501 - 1800</a>." https://books.google.com/books?id=S8bTzilz1BMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</p> <br /><br />
 
• [25] <p>"<a href="http://www.fashion-era.com/drawers-pants-combinations-knickers-fashion.htm" target="_blank">Undergarments History: 1920s Skirt Knickers & Camisole Chemise, Pants, Drawers, Briefs and Knickers Fashion</a>." http://www.fashion-era.com/drawers-pants-combinations-knickers-fashion.htm</p> <br /><br />

</div>

<div class="citajbm"> 
<span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style='font-size:20px;'>Academic insights :</span>  </span> <br /><br />

• [1] <p>"<a href="http://ejw.sagepub.com/content/11/3/309.abstract" target="_blank">Modelling Femininity</a>." Soley-Beltran, Patricia. European Journal of Women's Studies. August 2004. http://ejw.sagepub.com/content/11/3/309.abstract</p> <br /><br />
 
• [2] <p>"<a href="http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41337476?sid=21105932751793&uid=4&uid=2134&uid=2129&uid=3739912&uid=70&uid=3739256&uid=2" target="_blank">The Ontology of the Fashion Model</a>." Evans, Caroline. AA Files. 2011. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41337476?sid=21105932751793&uid=4&uid=2134&uid=2129&uid=3739912&uid=70&uid=3739256&uid=2</p> <br /><br />

• [3] <p>"<a href="http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/11076204/politics-breast" target="_blank">The Politics of the Breast</a>." Arneil, Barbara. Canadian Journal of Women & the Law. 2000. http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/11076204/politics-breast</p> <br /><br />
 
• [4] <p>"<a href="http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dlj/vol43/iss1/4/" target="_blank">Women's Body Image and the Law</a>." Glazer, Reena N. Duke Law Journal. 1993. http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dlj/vol43/iss1/4/</p> <br /><br />

• [5] <p>"<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0424.00279/abstract;jsessionid=1131E54A2183FA1A08B183C486507AA3.f03t03" target="_blank">Erotic Modesty: (Ad)dressing Female Sexuality and Propriety in Open and Closed Drawers, USA, 1800 - 1930</a>." Jill Fields. Gender and History. 2002. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0424.00279/abstract;jsessionid=1131E54A2183FA1A08B183C486507AA3.f03t03</p> <br /><br />

• [6] <p>"<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1993.00129.x/abstract" target="_blank">History from Below: Women's Underwear and the Rise of Women's Sport</a>." Janet Phillips and Peter Phillips. Journal of Popular Culture. 1993. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1993.00129.x/abstract</p> <br /><br />
 
 
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<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-size:17px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  — [http://goo.gl/Nj9iv3] Man does not live by bread alone,_______________________nor by know-how, safety, children, or sex. People everywhere spend as much time as they can afford on activities that, in the struggle to survive and reproduce, seem pointless.</span></div></H2> <br /><br />

<div class="citajbm"> :: RT: Steven Pinker ▶ http://goo.gl/YB4ijv ◀ We don't understand how the mind works—not nearly as well as we understand how the body works, and certainly not well enough to design Utopia or to cure unhappiness | #Society #Psychology #CognitiveScience #Sociology #Reason #Ethics </div> <br /><br />

<div class="JBMCode"> In all cultures, people tell stories and recite poetry. They joke, laugh, and tease. They sing and dance. They decorate surfaces. They perform rituals. They wonder about the causes of fortune and misfortune, and hold beliefs about the supernatural that contradict everything else they know about the world. They concoct theories of the universe and their place within it. </div> <br /><br />

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Witty, Erudite, Stimulating, Provocative — «How The Mind Works» — The Language Instinct [PDF/MP3]

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SirKenRobinson — «Bring On The Learning Revolution!» — La revolución del aprendizaje [Videos/PDF]

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<span> <a href="#youtube" style="text-decoration: none;"><font color="#301ce2"> Ken Robinson </font></a> - Photo: <a href="https://www.google.com/#q=Bring+on+the+learning+revolution+Ken+Robinson+videos+site:benjaminmadeira.com" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Bring on the learning revolution!"><font color="#FF4000"> © Stuart Grauer</font></a> / <a alt="Bring on the learning revolution!" href="http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/search/label/pedagogy" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Bring on the learning revolution!"><font color="#FF4000"> illustration </font></a> </span> </div> </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-size:17px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  — [http://goo.gl/noQLpX] “Creativity is the process of having original ideas that have value.”_______________________“Out of our minds”(2001) 2011.</span></div></H2> <br /><br />

<div class="citajbm"> :: RT: Sir Ken Robinson ▶ http://goo.gl/WkQehf ◀ Bring on the learning revolution! ↠ #Education #Pedagogy #Teachers #Inspiring #Persuasive </div> <br /><br />

<div class="JBMCode"> I meet all kinds of people who don't enjoy what they do. They simply go through their lives getting on with it. They get no great pleasure from what they do. They endure it rather than enjoy it, and wait for the weekend. </div> <br /> <br />

<div class="citajbm"> But I also meet people who love what they do and couldn't imagine doing anything else. If you said, "Don't do this anymore," they'd wonder what you're talking about. It isn't what they do, it's who they are. They say, "But this is me, you know. It would be foolish to abandon this, because it speaks to my most authentic self."  </div> <br /> <br />

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• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://archive.org/download/SirKenRobinson2010RevolutionEnglish/SirKenRobinson_2010-revolution-english.mp4'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> <span style="font-size:20px"> 01. Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution! - English, closed-caption </span> </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://archive.org/download/SirKenRobinson2010RevolutionEspanol/SirKenRobinson_2010-revolution-espanol.mp4'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> <span style="font-size:20px"> 02. Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution! - ¡A iniciar la revolución del aprendizaje! Spanish subtitles </span> </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://archive.org/download/SirKenRobinson2010RevolutionNorwegian/SirKenRobinson_2010-revolution-norwegian.mp4'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> <span style="font-size:20px"> 03. Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution! - Sett i gang læringsrevolusjonen! Norwegian subtitles </span> </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://archive.org/download/SirKenRobinson2010RevolutionSwedish/SirKenRobinson_2010-revolution-swedish.mp4'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> <span style="font-size:20px"> 04. Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution! - Sätt i gång lärorevolutionen! Swedish subtitles </span> </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://archive.org/download/SirKenRobinson2010RevolutionDanish/SirKenRobinson_2010-revolution-danish.mp4'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> <span style="font-size:20px"> 05. Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution! - Kom med læringsrevolutionen! Danish subtitles </span> </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://archive.org/download/SirKenRobinson2010RevolutionItalian/SirKenRobinson_2010-revolution-italian.mp4'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> <span style="font-size:20px"> 06. Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution! - Comincia la rivoluzione dell'apprendimento! Italian subtitles </span> </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://archive.org/download/SirKenRobinson2010RevolutionBrazilian/SirKenRobinson_2010-revolution-brazilian.mp4'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> <span style="font-size:20px"> 07. Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution! - Tragam a revolução no aprendizado! Brazilian Portuguese subtitles </span> </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://archive.org/download/SirKenRobinson2010RevolutionFrench/SirKenRobinson_2010-revolution-french.mp4'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> <span style="font-size:20px"> 08. Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution! - Révolutionnez l'éducation! French subtitles </span> </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://archive.org/download/SirKenRobinson2010RevolutionDutch/SirKenRobinson_2010-revolution-dutch.mp4'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> <span style="font-size:20px"> 09. Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution! - Her mit der Lern-Revolution! German subtitles </span> </a> <br /><br/>

• <a href="#education" onclick="jwplayer('education').load({file: 'https://archive.org/download/SirKenRobinson2010RevolutionCatalan/SirKenRobinson_2010-revolution-catalan.mp4'}); jwplayer('videomp4').play();"> <span style="font-size:20px"> 10. Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution! - Amunt la revolució de l'ensenyament!  Catalan subtitles </span> </a> <br /><br/>

</ul> </strong></span> </div>  </div>

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<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="font-size:18px; color: #000000;"> <span style="font-size:20px; background-color: #FFFF00;"> <span itemprop="name"> <strong> Sir Ken Robinson: Bring On The Learning Revolution! :: </strong> </span> </span> </span></div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: darkgreen"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:10pt"> [ <a class="explicacion"> <b>Sir Ken Robinson, intended for nonprofit, home use / domestic, educational, discussion purposes only.</b> <span> Sir Ken Robinson, for educational, discussion purposes only </span></a> ] </span> </span> </div> <br />
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 <br />

<div class="citajbm"> 
<span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> REFERENCES :  </span> <br /><br />

• [1] Robinson, Ken. 2011. Out of our minds. Learning to be creative. Capstone Publishing LTD. West Sussex, UK. Print. <br /><br />

• [2] Robinson, Ken. The element: How finding your passion changes everything. Penguin, 2009. Print.<br /><br />

• [3] Robinson, Ken. "Bring on the learning revolution! Ted Talks." (2010). Web. <br /><br />

• [4] Robinson, Ken. "Pedagogy: Bring on the learning revolution!" In: Benjamin Madeira: Microblogging, Visual, PDF/PPT/MP4, Auditory, MP3/Podcast, Digital, Multimedia, 2016. Web. http://goo.gl/WkQehf <br /><br />

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SirKenRobinson — «Bring On The Learning Revolution!» — La revolución del aprendizaje [Videos/PDF]

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Pedagogikk — «Vygotskys teori» — Imagination and Creativity in Childhood [PDF]

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<span> <a href="#youtube" style="text-decoration: none;"><font color="#301ce2"> The Educational Theory of Vygotsky </font></a> - Photo: <a href="https://www.google.com/#q=Imagination+and+Creativity+in+Childhood+Vygotsky+site:benjaminmadeira.com" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Imagination and Creativity in Childhood"><font color="#FF4000"> © Madeirinha</font></a> / <a alt="Imagination and Creativity in Childhood" href="http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/search/label/education" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Imagination and Creativity in Childhood"><font color="#FF4000"> illustration </font></a> </span> </div> </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-size:17px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  — [http://goo.gl/VJSDWr] For Vygotsky var samarbeid en helt avgjørende faktor i opplæringen._______________________Ut fra Vygotskys teori om utvikling og læring kan lærerstyrt undervisning ikke bare betraktes som positivt, men kanskje også som helt nødvendig for å trekke utviklingen fremover.</span></div></H2> <br /><br />

<div class="citajbm"> :: RT: Kjennetegn på kreativitet og fantasi ▶ http://goo.gl/8WjjRR ◀ Vygotsky tilla den voksnes rolle stor betydning for elevenes læringsmuligheter. I følge Vygotsky (2001) er det særlig samarbeidet mellom lærer og elev som er det essensielle i opplæringen.  ↠ #Education #Pedagogy #Psychology #Philosophy #Theories #HumanDevelopment #CognitiveDevelopment #CognitiveMediation </div> <br /><br />

<div class="JBMCode"> 
Pedagogen #Vygotsky har definert kreativitet i sin bok “Fantasi og kreativitet i #barndommen (1930/2004) slik: «Enhver menneskelig handling som resulterer i noe nytt er en kreativ handling, uansett om det nye er et fysisk objekt, eller en mental eller emosjonell konstruksjon som finnes inni personen og er kjent av ham”. <br /><br />

En person har to grunnleggende typer av aktiviteter: (i) reproduktive aktiviteter, som er koblet til hukommelsen, altså handlinger som ikke fører til eller skaper noe nytt, og (ii) kombinerende eller kreative aktiviteter, som er handlinger som kombinerer eller omarbeider elementer fra tidligere erfaringer og bruker dem til å frembringe nye forslag og ny oppførsel. Vygotsky hevder at alle handlinger som ikke fører til reproduksjon av kjente inntrykk og resultater, men til dannelsen av nye bilder eller handlinger er eksempler på denne andre typen kreative eller kombinerende handlinger. Denne kreative aktiviteten, som er basert på hjernens evne til å kombinere elementer blir kalt for fantasi eller forestillingsevne i psykologien, sier han. <br /><br />

Fantasien vår bygger på elementer fra virkeligheten, det vil si våre erfaringer av virkeligheten. Den kreative aktiviteten til fantasien er derfor direkte avhengig av hvor rik og variert en personens erfaringsbakgrunn er, fordi det bidrar med materiale til eventuelle fantasiprodukter. Hjernens evne til å kombinere er en forlengelse og utdypning av hukommelsen. Fantasi er ikke det motsatte av hukommelse, men den er derimot avhengig av den og bruker innholdet i hukommelsen til nye kombinasjoner. Fantasien kombinerer gamle tanker til nye. I tillegg gir fantasien vår mulighet for å øke mengden egne erfaringer, ved at vi får erfaringer basert på at vi setter oss inn i andres erfaringer (f.eks. ved å lese). <br /><br />

Det sies ofte at barns fantasi er rikere enn voksnes. Det er Vygotsky helt uenig i. Barn har færre erfaringer og enklere interesser, dessuten er resonneringsevnen deres mindre utviklet. Men, både fantasien og fornuften utvikles når vi vokser, og blir etter hvert konkurrerende krefter. Ettersom vi vokser til blir fornuften og selvsensuren så sterk at fantasien blir undertrykket, hevder Vygotsky. Når vi vokser blir vi mer kritiske til vår egen fantasi.  </div> <br /><br />

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<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: darkgreen"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:10pt"> [ <a class="explicacion"> <b>Vygotsky, intended for nonprofit, home use / domestic, educational, discussion purposes only.</b> <span> PDF, Vygotsky, for educational, discussion purposes only </span></a> ] </span> </span> </div> <br />

<div class="citajbm"> 
<span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> REFERENCES :  </span> <br /><br />

• [1] Vygotsky, L. (1930/2004) Imagination and Creativity in Childhood, Journal of Russian and East European Psychology 42(1) ss: 7 – 97 <br /><br />

• [2] Vygotsky, L. (1930) Voobrazhenie i tvorchestvo v detskom vozraste (Moscow: Prosveshchenie, 1967) <br /><br />

• [3] Vygotsky, L. S. (2001b). Tenkning og tale. Oslo: Gyldendal akademisk. <br /><br />

• [4] Vygotsky, L.S.: Legen og dens rolle i barnets psykiske udvikling – i: Om barnets psykiske udvikling – NNF, 1982 <br /><br />

• [5] Vygotskij, L. S. (1995). Fantasi och kreativitet i barndomen [Imagination and creativity in childhood]. Göteborg: Daidalos (Original work published 1950).

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Pedagogikk — «Vygotskys teori» — Imagination and Creativity in Childhood [PDF]

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Pedagogy — «What is the Zone of Proximal Development?» — ZPD, Vygotsky [Videos/PDF]

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<span> <a href="#youtube" style="text-decoration: none;"><font color="#301ce2"> ZPD </font></a> - Photo: <a href="https://www.google.com/#q=Zone+of+Proximal+Development+Vygotsky+site:benjaminmadeira.com" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Zone of Proximal Development"><font color="#FF4000"> © Angela Lui</font></a> / <a alt="Zone of Proximal Development" href="http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/search/label/education" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Zone of Proximal Development"><font color="#FF4000"> illustration </font></a> </span> </div> </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-size:17px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  — [http://goo.gl/JLV9lt] Bruner (1978) describes ‘scaffolding’ as cognitive support given by teachers to learners to help them solve tasks_______________________that they would not be able to solve working on their own.</span></div></H2> <br /><br />

<div class="citajbm"> :: RT: Zone of Proximal Development ▶ http://goo.gl/JLV9lt ◀ or Scaffolding | #Education #Pedagogy #ZPD #Vygotsky </div> <br /><br />

<div class="JBMCode"> Vygotsky goes on to describe the ZPD as “a tool through which the internal course of development can be understood” (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 87) and argues that “the only good kind of instruction is that which marches ahead of development and leads it; it must be aimed not so much at the ripe as at the ripening functions” (Vygotsky, 1986, p. 188). </div> <br /> <br />

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<div style="text-align: center"><span style="color: blue"><span style="font-size: 13pt; line-height:12pt"> <strong> Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development :: </strong> </span></span></div> 
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<div class="citajbm"> 
<span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> REFERENCES :  </span> <br /><br />

• [1] Bruner, J. (1978). The role of dialogue in language acquisition. In A. Sinclair, R. Jarvella and W. J. M. Levelt (Eds.), The Child’s Conception of Language (pp. 241-256). <br /><br />

• [2] Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes (M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <br /><br />

• [3] Vygotsky, L. S. (1986). Thought and language (A. Kozulin, Ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. <br /><br />

</div>

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