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Stuff Mom Never Told You — «A History of Fashion Modeling» — (MP3/Audio)

<div itemscope> <div style="text-align: center"> <a class="highlightJBM" href="https://benjaminmadeira.blogspot.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html"> <img alt="How Stuff Works: Fashion Modeling - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira" border="0" itemprop="photo" oncontextmenu="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" oncopy="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitQWSfElFj58RbaP80iKom9Vb9HSqbzWeeR19Iy2WShKGrFeU23v6r1b_clmRULFZfawOgX6SsjLSaZQXqPYnRI0OoJEAM4DuktBTfSN8dX_lovCVdKRFsqjfFzacjkBiWjHINiqzD9Psn/s1600/moda1.jpg" style="height:336px;width:536px" title="How Stuff Works: Fashion Modeling - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira"/> </a><br />
<span> <a href="#mp3" style="text-decoration: none;"><font color="#301ce2"> Stuff Mom Never Told You </font></a> - Photo: <a href="https://www.google.com/#q=How+Stuff+Works+Fashion+Modeling+site:benjaminmadeira.com" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="How Stuff Works: Fashion Modeling"><font color="#FF4000"> © Creative Commons</font></a> / <a alt="How Stuff Works: Fashion Modeling" href="http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/search/label/podcast" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="How Stuff Works: Fashion Modeling"><font color="#FF4000"> illustration </font></a> </span> </div> </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-size:17px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  — [https://goo.gl/MX79ce] This episode is _______________________about sizing up the history of modeling and how it's influenced beauty culture at large. </span></div></H2> <br /><br />

<div class="citajbm"> :: RT: Fashion Modeling ▶ https://goo.gl/8KiJCQ ◀, When did models begin strutting down the catwalk? View models not as privileged preternatural beings, but as workers who have wage and health-and-safety needs like everyone else. | #Fashion #Modeling #Bras #highHeels #Handbags #Makeup #Thongs #Pants #Panties</div> <br /><br />

<div class="JBMCode">PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN presents (2006) a cultural history of modelling paying particular attention to the construction of models’ public personas through the addition of layers of meaning: class, race, nationality and so on. In doing so I will approach the study of model’s bodies as “natural symbols” (Douglas, 1994), a notion widely used in interdisciplinary gender studies (see, for instance, Warner, 1985). I will assume a notion of the body as an artefact resulting from the performative reiteration of collectively defined identity norms performed by each individual subject (Butler, 1990; Soley-Beltran, 2001). Thus, the body is taken as a sign of personal and social identity, a key to understanding the links between individuals and hegemonic definitions of identity, that is, between subjects and social institutions. Learning to control the appearance of one’s body is the first lesson in the social school of symbolic embodiment of acceptable identity and behaviour. Therefore, I expect that the historical review on the construction of the social prestige of female models will reveal the cultural values underlying such embodiment.</div> <br /> <br />

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<center><strong><span style="font-size:18px; color: #0B610B;"> <span itemprop="name"> <a name="mp3"> MP3 </a> — In these episodes: Fashion modeling and other stuff your Mom Never Told You About! :: </span></span></strong></CENTER> <br />
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<ol>
<li class="playing">
<a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://archive.org/download/GritoJingle/Grito_Jingle.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You">Stuff Mom Never Told You: Intro - 3sec</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://archive.org/download/EnglishTeacherLukeBenjaminMadeiraCom/English-Teacher-Luke-BenjaminMadeira-com.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You">Stuff Mom Never Told You Podcast: Jungle - 13sec</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2015-02-23-smnty-evolution-of-modeling.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Cristen and Caroline: A History of Fashion Modeling, Feb 23, 2015, MP3 - 51min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2009-08-10-smnty-women-wear-highheels.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: High heels are a popular fashion accoutrement for modern women, but they also cause foot and knee problems. So why do women still wear them?, Aug 10, 2009, MP3 - 31min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2009-11-11-smnty-bras-serve-purpose.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Caroline and Cristen: Most modern women wear bras on a daily basis, but why? Do bras serve any purpose?, Nov 11, 2009, MP3 - 23min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2010-10-13-smnty-women-carry-handbags.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Molly and Cristen: These days, a majority of modern women carry a handbag of some sort. Why do women carry handbags?, Oct 13, 2010, MP3 - 25min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2011-06-15-smnty-men-wear-makeup.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Historically, men have always worn makeup. But now, wearing makeup is seen as effeminate. Why don't men wear makeup?, June 15, 2011, MP3 - 18min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2012-01-04-smnty-thongs.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Whether or not you're a fan of thongs, there's no denying that they attract attention. Who invented the thong?, Jan 4, 2012, MP3 - 32min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2013-10-16-smnty-pants.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: When did women start wearing pants?, Oct 16, 2013, MP3 - 37min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2015-01-19-smnty-underwear.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Cristen and Caroline: The history of women's underwear is probably shorter than you think. A History of Panties, Jan 19, 2015, MP3 - 53min</span> </a> </li>

<li><a alt="Stuff Mom Never Told You" data-src="https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/streaming.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/smnty/2015-08-17-smnty-topplessness.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2018/01/fashion-modeling.html" href="#" title="Stuff Mom Never Told You"> <span style="font-size:20px"> Stuff Mom Never Told You: Cristen and Caroline: Why can't women go topless?, Aug 17, 2015, MP3 - 50min</span> </a> </li>

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<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: darkgreen"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:20pt"> [ <a class="explicacion"> <b>Stuff Mom Never Told You Podcast, intended for nonprofit, home use/ classroom / domestic, educational, discussion purposes only. Audio retrieved from StuffMomNeverToldYou.com</b> <span> Audio, for discussion purposes only. </span></a> ] </span> </span> </div> <br />

<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: darkgreen"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:20pt"> [ <a class="explicacion"> <b>SOURCE/ MLA format: • Stuff Mom Never Told You. "Classic Episode: Living Dolls: A History of Fashion Modeling." Online audio clips. Webpage, 2009-2015. Web. Retrieved on 7. Jan. 2018.</b> <span> Stuff Mom Never Told You Podcast. </span></a> ] </span> </span> </div> <br /> <br />

<div class="citajbm"> <a alt="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN" href="http://www.raco.cat/index.php/Tripodos/article/download/40000/40075" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN"><font color="#FF4000"> "Charming Power. Models as Ideal Embodiments of Normative Identity", Trípodos. Llenguatge, Pensament, Comunicació, Vol 18, 2006, Barcelona. 23-43. </font></a>PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN was a professional top model, now she holds a Master of Arts in Cultural History by the University of Aberdeen and she is a Doctor (PhD) in Sociology of Gender by the University of Edinburgh. Her book <i>Divine! Models, Power and Lies</i> has received the 43rd Anagrama Essay Prize (2015). She is member of the Research Group History of Science Studies (University Pompeu Fabra), member of the working group on the body “Cos-logia” (Institut Català d’Antropologia), founding member of the International Society for Cultural History and Editorial Board Member of Critical Studies of Fashion and Beauty</div> <br /> <br />

<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: blue"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:20pt"> [ <b>• Soley-Beltran worked as a fashion model, got a PhD on the Sociology of Gender, researched intensely on body, beauty and identity, and won the 2015 Anagrama Essay Prize for her book <i>Divine! Models, Power and Lies</i>. <a alt="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN in Youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/13262vdldzY" target="_blank" title="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN in Youtube">Change the model! | Patrícia Soley-Beltran | TEDxBarcelonaWomen</a> </b> ] </span> </span> </div> <br /> <br />

<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: blue"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:20pt"> [ <b>• PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN is also available in Spanish: <a alt="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN is also available in Spanish" href="http://www.patriciasoley.com/dasuserfiles/rte/file/cuerposideales.pdf" target="_blank" title="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN is also available in Spanish">"Cuerpos ideales. Una aproximación interdisciplinaria al estudio de las modelos de moda".</a> La presentació social del cos, Quaderns d’Antropologia 26, Institut Català d’Antropologia, Barcelona (Junio 2011). 107-134. </b> ] </span> </span> </div> <br /> <br />

<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: blue"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:20pt"> [ <b>• Tras los flashes, el lujo y el glamour, la industria de la moda esconde su cara menos amable, la relacionada con la sociedad de consumo, las necesidades creadas y la construcción de la identidad de los individuos en base a los intereses de las grandes marcas. <a alt="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN en Youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_v-y8EKGrOM" target="_blank" title="PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN en Youtube">PATRÍCIA SOLEY-BELTRÁN en Youtube</a> </b> ] </span> </span> </div> <br /> <br />

<div class="citajbm"> 
<span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style='font-size:20px;'>Patrícia Soley-Beltran's Academic Papers :</span>  </span> <br />

"<a href="http://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/RBD/article/view/9904/12715" target="_blank">Cuestiones de bioética relativas a la transexualidad y el transgénero</a>" (2014) Revista de Bioética y Derecho, Universitat de Barcelona. No. 30. 21-39. <br /> <br />

"<a href="http://www.quadernsdepsicologia.cat/article/view/1163" target="_blank">¿Buen sexo o sexo de verdad? Perspectivas sobre la regulación del género</a>" (Good sex or true sex? Perspectives on gender governance), Quaderns de Psicologia, Dossier "Deconstrucción de la psicopatología: actualización y retos de investigación", Teresa Cabruja (ed) (2013). Vol 15, No 1. 45-46. <br /> <br />

"Muñecas que hablan. Ética y estética de los modelos de belleza en publicidad y moda" en Josep Martí (ed) Dossier <a href="http://rdtp.revistas.csic.es/index.php/rdtp/issue/view/23" target="_blank">La presentación social del cuerpo en el contexto de la globalización y la multiculturalidad, Revista de Dialectología y Tradiciones Populares</a>, vol. LXVII, n.o 1, pp. 115-146, enero-junio 2012. <br /> <br />
 
"<a href="http://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/journals/view-issue,id=2104/" target="_blank">Aesthetic (Dis)Orders: Styling Principles in Fashion Modelling</a>"; Critical Studies in Fashion and Beauty, Vol. 2, Issue 1& 2, (2011). 185-205. <br /> <br />

"<a href="http://sexualities.sagepub.com/content/14/3/334" target="_blank">‘Having Words For Everything'. Institutionalising Gender Migration in Spain (1998-2008)</a>", Sexualities, Law and Sexuality, Volume 14 Issue 3 June 2011. 334 -353. (co-authored with Coll-Planas, Gerard). <br /> <br />

"<a href="http://www.socresonline.org.uk/12/1/soley-beltran.html" target="_blank">Transsexualism in Spain. A Cultural and Legal Perspective</a>", Sociological Research Online, Vol 12 (1), 2007.   <br /> <br />

(2007) "<a href="http://www.patriciasoley.com/dasuserfiles/rte/Abrir_posibilidades_Entrevista_Judith%20Butler(1).pdf" target="_blank">Abrir Posibilidades. Entrevista con Judith Butler</a>", Lectora, Vol. 13, Spain. 217-239. (co-authored with Beatriz Preciado) <br /> <br />

"El “sexo” y la Matriz Heterosexual. Aspectos teóricos y empíricos de una reconstrucción sociológica de la teoría performativa de género de Judith Butler", Riff-Raff, Vol 34, 2006, Universidad de Zaragoza. 127-142. <br /> <br />

"<a href="http://www.raco.cat/index.php/Asparkia/article/view/108944/155070" target="_blank">In-Transit: La transexualidad como migración de género</a>", Género y Migraciones, Asparkía. Investigació Feminista 15, Publicacions de l’Universitat Jaume I, 2005, Castelló (Spain). 207-232. <br /> <br />

"<a href="http://ejw.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/11/3/309" target="_blank">Modelling Femininity</a>" in Spectacular Women, European Journal of Women Studies, Sage, 11(3), 2004, London. 309-326. <br /> <br />

"Supermodelos como emblema cultural", Historia, Antropología y Fuentes Orales 22, 1999, Barcelona. 105-11. <br /> <br />

</div>

<div class="citajbm"> 
<span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style='font-size:20px;'>Sources :</span>  </span> <br /><br />

• [1] <p>"<a href="http://www.bet.com/shows/access-granted/photos/2010/10/bgr10photoshistoryoftheblacksupermodel.html?cid=twitter#!HistoryofSupermodel-13ToccaraJones-FB" target="_blank">A History of the Black Supermodel</a>." http://www.bet.com/shows/access-granted/photos/2010/10/bgr10photoshistoryoftheblacksupermodel.html?cid=twitter#!HistoryofSupermodel-13ToccaraJones-FB</p> <br /><br />
 
• [2] <p>"<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/18/chanel-iman-talks-racism-in-fashion-indsutry-_n_2900038.html" target="_blank">Chanel Iman Talks Racism In The Fashion Industry: 'We Already Found One Black Girl. We Don't Need You'</a>." http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/18/chanel-iman-talks-racism-in-fashion-indsutry-_n_2900038.html</p> <br /><br />
 
       
• [3] <p>"<a href="http://www.thenation.com/article/176141/fashion-models-are-workers-too" target="_blank">Fashion Models Are Workers, Too</a>." http://www.thenation.com/article/176141/fashion-models-are-workers-too</p> <br /><br />
 
• [4] <p><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=crmMhdqcS5wC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><i>Fashion Models: Image, Text and the Industry</i></a><i>.</i> https://books.google.com/books?id=crmMhdqcS5wC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</p> <br /><br />
 
• [5] <p>"<a href="http://www.forbes.com/2007/10/02/modeling-moss-bundchen-biz-media_cz_kb_1003supermodels.html" target="_blank">How to Be a Supermodel</a>." http://www.forbes.com/2007/10/02/modeling-moss-bundchen-biz-media_cz_kb_1003supermodels.html</p> <br /><br />
 
• [6] <p>"<a href="blog.yupnet.org/2013/08/23/mannequin-parade-the-first-fashion-models/" target="_blank">'Mannequin Parade' - The First Fashion Models</a>." blog.yupnet.org/2013/08/23/mannequin-parade-the-first-fashion-models/</p> <br /><br />

• [7] <p><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oc2utNlf_AYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><i>Model: The Ugly Business of Beautiful Women</i></a>. https://books.google.com/books?id=oc2utNlf_AYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</p> <br /><br />
 
• [8] <p>"<a href="http://jezebel.com/new-york-fashion-week-diversity-talks-but-white-faces-1522416724" target="_blank">New York Fashion Week: Diversity Talks but White Faces Walk</a>." http://jezebel.com/new-york-fashion-week-diversity-talks-but-white-faces-1522416724</p> <br /><br />

• [9] <p>"<a href="http://nymag.com/thecut/2013/07/first-black-supermodel-whom-history-forgot.html" target="_blank">The First Black Supermodel, Whom History Forgot</a>." http://nymag.com/thecut/2013/07/first-black-supermodel-whom-history-forgot.html</p> <br /> <br />

• [10] <p>"<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qrCCBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Cultural Encyclopedia of the Breast</a>." https://books.google.com/books?id=qrCCBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</p> <br /><br />

• [11] <p>"<a href="http://www.vice.com/video/femen-sextremism-in-paris" target="_blank">Femen - Sextremism in Paris</a>." http://www.vice.com/video/femen-sextremism-in-paris</p> <br /><br />

• [12] <p>"<a href="http://time.com/3834365/map-topless-laws/" target="_blank">Here's Where It's Legal for Women to Go Topless in the U.S</a>." http://time.com/3834365/map-topless-laws/</p> <br /><br />

• [13] <p>"<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/16/nyregion/a-police-roll-call-reminder-women-may-go-topless.html?_r=3&" target="_blank">See Topless Woman? Just Move On, Police Are Told</a>." http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/16/nyregion/a-police-roll-call-reminder-women-may-go-topless.html?_r=3&</p> <br /><br />

• [14] <p>"<a href="http://isiswardrobe.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-bared-bosom-in-17th-and-18th.html" target="_blank">The bared bosom in 17th and 18th century art</a>." http://isiswardrobe.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-bared-bosom-in-17th-and-18th.html</p> <br /><br />

• [15] <p>"<a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/09/the-social-and-legal-arguments-for-allowing-women-to-go-topless-in-public/279755/" target="_blank">The Social and Legal Argoments for Allowing Women to Go Topless in Public</a>." http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/09/the-social-and-legal-arguments-for-allowing-women-to-go-topless-in-public/279755/</p> <br /><br />

• [16] <p>"<a href="https://www.yahoo.com/health/the-weird-wild-legal-history-of-breasts-and-104942336487.html" target="_blank">The Weird, Wild Legal History of Breasts and Nipples</a>." https://www.yahoo.com/health/the-weird-wild-legal-history-of-breasts-and-104942336487.html</p> <br /><br />

• [17] <p>"<a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30052071" target="_blank">Toplessness - the one Victorian taboo that won't go away</a>." http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30052071</p> <br /><br />

• [18] <p>"<a href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/05/economist-explains-20" target="_blank">Why are feminists going topless?</a>" http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/05/economist-explains-20</p> <br /><br />

• [19] <p>"<a href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/51840/7-things-historical-women-wore-under-their-skirts" target="_blank">7 Things Historical Women Wore Under Their Skirts</a>." http://mentalfloss.com/article/51840/7-things-historical-women-wore-under-their-skirts</p> <br /><br />

• [20] <p>"<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Le5qnhFFZWAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">An Intimate Affair: Women, Lingerie and Sexuality</a>." https://books.google.com/books?id=Le5qnhFFZWAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</p> <br /><br />

• [21] <p>"<a href="http://www.npr.org/2013/05/07/179872180/shocked-a-memoir-about-beauty-and-its-beholders" target="_blank">How Elsa Schiaparelli Changed Women's Underwear</a>." http://www.npr.org/2013/05/07/179872180/shocked-a-memoir-about-beauty-and-its-beholders</p> <br /><br />

• [22] <p>"<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jqTToUwfElQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Reforming Women's Fashion, 1850 - 1920: Politics, Health and Art</a>." https://books.google.com/books?id=jqTToUwfElQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</p> <br /><br />

• [23] <p>"<a href="http://www.mum.org/underhis.htm" target="_blank">Some facts about European underwear, 1700 - 1900, and its relationship to what women used for menstruation</a>." http://www.mum.org/underhis.htm</p> <br /><br />

• [24] <p>"<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S8bTzilz1BMC&pg=PA153&dq=women%27s+underwear+history&hl=en&sa=X&ei=t5WqVMj2GMTWoATrv4HgCw&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=women%27sunderwearhistory&f=false" target="_blank">The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through World History: 1501 - 1800</a>." https://books.google.com/books?id=S8bTzilz1BMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</p> <br /><br />
 
• [25] <p>"<a href="http://www.fashion-era.com/drawers-pants-combinations-knickers-fashion.htm" target="_blank">Undergarments History: 1920s Skirt Knickers & Camisole Chemise, Pants, Drawers, Briefs and Knickers Fashion</a>." http://www.fashion-era.com/drawers-pants-combinations-knickers-fashion.htm</p> <br /><br />

</div>

<div class="citajbm"> 
<span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style='font-size:20px;'>Academic insights :</span>  </span> <br /><br />

• [1] <p>"<a href="http://ejw.sagepub.com/content/11/3/309.abstract" target="_blank">Modelling Femininity</a>." Soley-Beltran, Patricia. European Journal of Women's Studies. August 2004. http://ejw.sagepub.com/content/11/3/309.abstract</p> <br /><br />
 
• [2] <p>"<a href="http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41337476?sid=21105932751793&uid=4&uid=2134&uid=2129&uid=3739912&uid=70&uid=3739256&uid=2" target="_blank">The Ontology of the Fashion Model</a>." Evans, Caroline. AA Files. 2011. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41337476?sid=21105932751793&uid=4&uid=2134&uid=2129&uid=3739912&uid=70&uid=3739256&uid=2</p> <br /><br />

• [3] <p>"<a href="http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/11076204/politics-breast" target="_blank">The Politics of the Breast</a>." Arneil, Barbara. Canadian Journal of Women & the Law. 2000. http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/11076204/politics-breast</p> <br /><br />
 
• [4] <p>"<a href="http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dlj/vol43/iss1/4/" target="_blank">Women's Body Image and the Law</a>." Glazer, Reena N. Duke Law Journal. 1993. http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dlj/vol43/iss1/4/</p> <br /><br />

• [5] <p>"<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0424.00279/abstract;jsessionid=1131E54A2183FA1A08B183C486507AA3.f03t03" target="_blank">Erotic Modesty: (Ad)dressing Female Sexuality and Propriety in Open and Closed Drawers, USA, 1800 - 1930</a>." Jill Fields. Gender and History. 2002. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0424.00279/abstract;jsessionid=1131E54A2183FA1A08B183C486507AA3.f03t03</p> <br /><br />

• [6] <p>"<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1993.00129.x/abstract" target="_blank">History from Below: Women's Underwear and the Rise of Women's Sport</a>." Janet Phillips and Peter Phillips. Journal of Popular Culture. 1993. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1993.00129.x/abstract</p> <br /><br />
 
 
</div>

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Stuff Mom Never Told You — «A History of Fashion Modeling» — (MP3/Audio)

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Democracy — «Lyrics ’Get up, Stand up’» — by Bob Marley – [Video/MP4/MP3/PDF]

<div itemscope> <div style="text-align: center"> <a class="highlightJBM" href="https://benjaminmadeira.blogspot.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html"> <img alt="Get up, Stand up - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira" border="0" height="336px" itemprop="photo" oncontextmenu="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" oncopy="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwJVOmZ3wa5JYBLstQoC4cvN7HSZcjC1ZbIcx_lX3IUI24L7a05Cs_neET2HvoJLqDsHWKPkDYCxJfsBtxmmPf2ESxymLlKy2giM4xE16qCkaE9UOLOSJhZ7K_aL85yIsxCEanuCp_jxx0/s1600/wallpaper_20893.jpg" title="Get up, Stand up - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira" width="536px" /> </a><br />
<span> <a href="#youtube" style="text-decoration: none;"><font color="#301ce2"> Amnesty International uses "Get Up Stand Up" as its unofficial anthem </font></a> - Photo: <a href="https://www.google.com/#q=Get+up+Stand+up+Bob+Marley+site:benjaminmadeira.com" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Get up, Stand up"><font color="#FF4000"> ©  "Bob Marley" is licensed under CC BY 2.0 </font></a> / <a alt="Get up, Stand up" href="http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/search/label/politics" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Get up, Stand up"><font color="#FF4000"> illustration </font></a> </span> </div> </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  — [https://goo.gl/nPLzwM] One of Marley’s songs, and one expressing his belief in human rights for all, is_______________________  "Get Up Stand Up."</span></div></H2> <br /><br />

<div class="citajbm"> :: RT: Don't give up the fight! ▶ https://goo.gl/Sv6uMB ◀ This song expresses secularism, and at the same time its insistence that you demand your rights. | #Democracy #BobMarley </div> <br /><br />

<br />
<div align="center"><div style="border-style: ridge ridge dashed; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow: scroll; width: 90%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: 330px; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center"><br />
<p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-family:Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:22px"  ><strong>

Get up, stand up: stand up for your rights!  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up: stand up for your rights!  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up: stand up for your rights!  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up: don't give up the fight! <br /><br />

</strong></span></p><br />

Preacher man, don't tell me,  <br /><br />
Heaven is under the earth.  <br /><br />
I know you don't know  <br /><br />
What life is really worth.  <br /><br />
It's not all that glitters is gold;  <br /><br />
'Alf the story has never been told:  <br /><br />
So now you see the light, eh!  <br /><br />
Stand up for your rights. Come on! <br /><br />

</font></span></center><br />

<span style="font-size:18px;font-weight:bold;color:#FFFF00">
Get up, stand up: stand up for your rights!  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up: don't give up the fight!  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up: stand up for your rights!  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up: don't give up the fight! <br /><br />

</span>
</p></div></div>
<br />

Most people think,  <br /><br />
Great god will come from the skies,  <br /><br />
Take away everything  <br /><br />
And make everybody feel high.  <br /><br />
But if you know what life is worth,  <br /><br />
You will look for yours on earth:  <br /><br />
And now you see the light,  <br /><br />
You stand up for your rights. <br /><br />

</strong></span></p><br />

Get up, stand up!  <br /><br />
Stand up for your rights!  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up!  <br /><br />
Don't give up the fight! (Life is your right!)  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up! (So we can't give up the fight!)  <br /><br />
Stand up for your rights!  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up! (Keep on struggling on!)  <br /><br />
Don't give up the fight! <br /><br />

</font></span></center><br />

<span style="font-size:18px;font-weight:bold;color:#FFFF00">
We sick an' tired of-your ism-skism game - <br /><br />
Dyin' 'n' goin' to heaven in-a Jesus' name, lord.  <br /><br />
We know when we understand:  <br /><br />
Almighty god is a living man.  <br /><br />
You can fool some people sometimes,  <br /><br />
But you can't fool all the people all the time.  <br /><br />
So now we see the light (What you gonna do?),  <br /><br />
We gonna stand up for our rights!  <br /><br /> <br /><br />

<span style="font-size:18px;font-weight:bold;color:#FFFF00">
So you better:  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up!  <br /><br />
Stand up for your rights!  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up!  <br /><br />
Don't give up the fight!  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up!  <br /><br />
Stand up for your rights!  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up! <br /><br />
Don't give up the fight!  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up!  <br /><br />
Stand up for your rights!  <br /><br />
Get up, stand up! (Don’t give up the fight!)  <br /><br /> <br /><br />

</span>
</p></div></div>
<br />

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<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Lyrics: ’Get up, Stand up’ by Bob Marley, <a name="pdf">PDF</a> :: </span></div></H2> 
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<div style="text-align: center"><span style="color: blue"><span style="font-size: 13pt; line-height:12pt"> <strong> Lyrics: Get up, Stand up, by Bob Marley :: </strong> </span></span></div> 
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<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: darkgreen"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:10pt"> [ <a class="explicacion"> <b>Bob Marley, intended for nonprofit, home use / domestic, educational, discussion purposes only.</b> <span> Bob Marley, for educational, discussion purposes only </span></a> ] </span> </span> </div> <br />
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<center><strong><span style="font-size:20px; color: #0B610B;"> <span itemprop="name"> <a name="mp3"> MP3 </a> — «Bob Marley» :: Index of /MP3/music/ORIGINAL/Bob Marley & The Wailers/Legend. </span></span></strong></CENTER><br />
<div id="audiomp3">

<audio preload="auto"></audio>
    <CENTER><div class="track-details"> Bob Marley & The Wailers</div> </CENTER>
<center><hr WIDTH="75%" COLOR="#FF0000" SIZE="6"></CENTER><br /> 
<CENTER>This audio file should be playable on most browsers. It has been tested succesfully on : Microsoft Edge, Adblock Browser, Lightning Browser, Firefox 10, 12, Chrome 37, Opera 11, iPhone, iPhone 3, iPhone 4, iPhone 5, iPhone 6, iPhone 6 plus, & iPad (IOS 3+) , Android 2.3 (2010) up to 4.4.4 (2014) , Internet Explorer 8, 9, 11, Surface Windows RT, Dolphin Browser for Android, UC Browser for mobiles & tablets. </CENTER>

<ol>
<li class="playing">
<a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/06%20Get%20Up,%20Stand%20Up.mp3" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley">Bob Marley – Get Up, Stand Up, MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/01%20Is%20This%20Love.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley"> Bob Marley – Is This Love, MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/02%20No%20Woman,%20No%20Cry.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley"> Bob Marley – No Woman, No Cry, MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/03%20Could%20You%20Be%20Loved.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley"> Bob Marley – Could You Be Loved, MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/04%20Three%20Little%20Birds.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley"> Bob Marley – Three Little Birds, MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/05%20Buffalo%20Soldier.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley"> Bob Marley – Buffalo Soldier, MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/07%20Stir%20It%20Up.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley"> Bob Marley – Stir It Up, MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/08%20One%20Love_People%20Get%20Ready.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley"> Bob Marley – One Love_People Get Ready, MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/09%20I%20Shot%20the%20Sheriff.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley"> Bob Marley – I Shot the Sheriff, MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/10%20Waiting%20in%20Vain.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley"> Bob Marley – Waiting in Vain, MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/11%20Redemption%20Song.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley"> Bob Marley – Redemption Song, MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/11%20Satisfy%20My%20Soul.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley"> Bob Marley – Satisfy My Soul, MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/12%20Exodus.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley"> Bob Marley – Exodus, MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

<li><a alt="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley" data-src="http://mhoerner.dyndns.org/mp3/Bob%20Marley/Legend/13%20Jammin'.mp3?source=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html" href="#" title="Index of /MP3/music/Bob Marley"> Bob Marley – Jammin', MP3 - 3min</a> </li>

</ol>

</span> </span> </strong> </ul> </div> </strong></font></span> </CENTER> </div>  </div>
<br />

<span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  —  In-Text Quotation – Reference:  </span> <br /><br />

• (Marley, 1973, stanza #, line #)   </div> <br /><br />

<span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  —  Page Reference:  </span> <br /><br />

• [1, APA] Marley, B. (1973). Get up, stand up [Recorded by Bob Marley and The Wailers]. Burnin' [CD]. Kingston, Jamaica: Tuff Gong, Island Records <br /><br />

• [2, MLA] Marley, Bob. "Get up, stand up" [Recorded by Bob Marley and The Wailers]. Burnin' [CD]. Kingston, Jamaica: Tuff Gong, Island Records (1973).   <br /><br />

Cite: (APA) Madeira, Benjamin (2017). "Democracy – Lyrics ’Get up, Stand up’ by Bob Marley – [Video/MP4/MP3/PDF]." [Blog post] Retrieved on (place Month here) (place Date here), (place year here), from http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html <br /><br />

Cite: (MLA) Madeira, Benjamin. " Democracy – Lyrics ’Get up, Stand up’ by Bob Marley – [Video/MP4/MP3/PDF]." 2017. Web. 
< http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html >. Retrieved on (place Month here) (place Date here), (place year here). <br /><br />

Cite: (CHICAGO) Madeira, Benjamin, " Democracy – Lyrics ’Get up, Stand up’ by Bob Marley – [Video/MP4/MP3/PDF]." 2017, accessed (place month here) (place date here), (place year here), http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/04/get-up-stand-up-marley.html.

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Democracy — «Lyrics ’Get up, Stand up’» — by Bob Marley – [Video/MP4/MP3/PDF]

Amnesty International uses "Get Up Stand Up" as its unofficial anthem - Photo: © "Bob Marley" is licensed und...

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Essay — «Good Advice is Rarer Than Rubies; An Analysis» — [PDF]

<div itemscope> <div style="text-align: center"> <a class="highlightJBM" href="https://benjaminmadeira.blogspot.com/2017/01/essay-salman-rushdie.html"> <img alt="Good Advice is Rarer Than Rubies; An Analysis - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira" border="0" height="336px" itemprop="photo" oncontextmenu="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" oncopy="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-rI-vJNmlAB8ay0-vr6iZTnOBBN8j_rkgxZue5b5rY90rhQSYM4UjZxE2O5kG8wlyw8eN6H6vH1flU_kLXiBydvv2V2l93mbOKgd_7N49fUpYDaQAPmp6oBUyv752ZkDN1opplEr_WXOE/s600/good-advice-is-rarer-than-rubies-BenjaminMadeira-com.jpg" title="Good Advice is Rarer Than Rubies; An Analysis - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira" width="536px" /> </a><br />
<span> <a href="#pdf" style="text-decoration: none;"><font color="#301ce2"> An Analysis </font></a> - Photo: <a alt="Good Advice is Rarer Than Rubies; An Analysis" href="http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/search/label/essays" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Good Advice is Rarer Than Rubies; An Analysis"><font color="#FF4000"> illustration </font></a> </span> </div> </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  — [https://goo.gl/YB8GIp] In a five paragraph essay analyze how the author creates suspense and enables the reader to understand the characters' feelings. Consider (POV) point of view, setting and the use of language._______________________(Prompt).</span></div></H2> <br /><br />

<div class="citajbm"> :: RT: Essay https://goo.gl/XI805s Good Advice is Rarer Than Rubies; An Analysis | #English #Essay #Literature #LiteraryAnalysis </div> <br /><br />

<div class="JBMCode"> His narrative moves quickly with a colloquial idiom. From Miss Rehana eating her chili pakoras and Mohammed Ali peddling his advice for would-be visa seekers to the ever-suspicious British consulate sahibs, Salman Rushdie sketches an evocative cameo in quick, broad, calligraphic strokes. </div> <br />

<div class="citajbm"> Salman Rushdie, who often regards himself as a "bastard child of history", displays in this collection a kaleidoscopic view of the world embracing both fable-like parables (mostly set in India or Pakistan, in the “East” section of the book) and sophisticated parodies of contemporary global society (in the last section). This carnivalesque mongrelization also erases the limits between the sacred and the profane, the cult and the popular, the tragic and the trivial; and it is only from this prism that one can understand the ironic conflation of widow-burning or arranged marriages with Star Trek fantasies or Elvis Presley’s songs. </div> <br />

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<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Good Advice is Rarer Than Rubies; An Analysis; A 5 Paragraph Essay, Benjamin Madeira, <a name="pdf">PDF</a> :: </span></div></H2> 
<CENTER> <a alt="Good Advice is Rarer Than Rubies; An Analysis; A 5 Paragraph Essay, PDF" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4kGy0lOHL12TzJQalMyVHhkN0k/view?usp=sharing?origin=http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2017/01/essay-salman-rushdie.html" target="_blank" title="Good Advice is Rarer Than Rubies; An Analysis; A 5 Paragraph Essay, PDF"><img alt="Good Advice is Rarer Than Rubies; An Analysis; A 5 Paragraph Essay, PDF - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira" border="0" height="96px" itemprop="photo" oncontextmenu="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" oncopy="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGJAXCWZuTFPkbZytdRiYouVEQzU1gwKkrC_4MnzGEW2JhI0XZsdRWOWnORv_-CPnUHe0q2VDR06xiz2YavlTEnIGRDWsFy8OD-eF8FldqNaRtNt6nPerZyP-P-hbklKAih7tyjhuCx8RW/s1600/pdf-BenjaminMadeira-com.png" title="Good Advice is Rarer Than Rubies; An Analysis; A 5 Paragraph Essay, PDF - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira" width="100%" /> </a> </CENTER> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> My Hook / Attention Getter :: </span></div></H2> 
<div class="citajbm"> What a dreary task it turns out to be, when one can almost always tell the next twist in a piece of literary work. Usually, a writer’s main objective is telling their narrative to an audience. An alluring story, however, should be able to capture the audience’s attention from the beginning until the close of it.  </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> My transitional sentence :: </span></div></H2> 
<div class="citajbm"> Salman Rushdie has composed an enthralling story by injecting suspense into his short story <i>Good Advice is Rarer than Rubies</i>.  </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> My Thesis Statement :: </span></div></H2> 
<div class="citajbm"> The British Indian novelist and essayist uses a point of view that enables the reader to <strong><span style="font-size:20px; color: #000000; background-color: #FFFF00;">1) </span></strong> understand the characters and their lives deeply, <strong><span style="font-size:20px; color: #000000; background-color: #FFFF00;">2) </span></strong> examining where and when it happens while <strong><span style="font-size:20px; color: #000000; background-color: #FFFF00;">3) </span></strong> infusing it with figurative language. </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> My first body paragraph :: </span></div></H2> 
<div class="citajbm"> What would a story be without characters? It would not be a story. Characters are the centerpieces through which the reader visualizes the story as it unfolds. The writer of this short story uses the third person limited point of view to tell the story of Muhammad Ali and Miss Rehana. It is limited because the writer only has access to Muhammad’s experiences, whose thoughts he reads frequently and deeply. When Muhammad Ali sees Miss Rehana, he feels himself “[...] becoming young again [...] [o]ld fool [...] the oldest fools are bewitched by the youngest girls” (Rushdie 5, 11). From Muhammad’s point of view, we realize that he is indeed an old man now, but his attraction for Miss Rehana makes him wish for his youth, “[...] and those eyes did bad things to his digestive tract.” (Rushdie 6). The suspense in the story holds me still as a reader, and I crave to know what exactly Muhammad will do about his feelings and how Miss Rehana would respond if at all he expressed himself. From Muhammad’s point of view, the reader is placed into the story. We get to know that Muhammad’s aim is to swindle the naïve people by lying to them that he has connections that will enable them to get the papers they need to migrate to England. However, he is hesitant to do the same to Miss Rehana. The suspense that this creates enables a reader to sympathize with the character, a literary device the writer uses.  </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> My second body paragraph :: </span></div></H2> 
<div class="citajbm"> When Miss Rehana arrives at the gates of the British consulate, yet there is a “dusty compound between the bus stop and the consulate” (Rushdie 6) that is filled with people, we are drawn to the fact that the story is not on British soil, and Miss Rehana needs some assistance to be there. Or maybe it is just the people waiting. Well, we cannot ascertain that, unless we read some more. Suspense. “She was standing in at a hot snack stall in the little shanty town by the edge of the compound” (Rushdie 6). A shanty town? Near a consulate? “He led her to the low wooden desk in his special corner of the shanty town” (Rushdie 7). Now, why is there a market of sorts at the edge of a British consulate? This plagues a reader with curiosity to understand more about the characters’ culture. We get to know, from this setting, that these people love chilli-pakoras. Miss Rehana buys Muhammad a pakora to thank him for his ‘advice’ (Rushdie 13). The setting in this story is a day, and to find Muhammad still waiting outside the gates despite doing nothing, affirms that he was attracted to Miss Rehana. Miss Rehana’s plight is also revealed in our waiting for her. We get to know what her story is. </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> My third body paragraph :: </span></div></H2> 
<div class="citajbm"> Writers are thought-provoking people, to the reader’s advantage. Their use of language while telling a story, always weaves an intricate web that does the trick in creating suspense. Miss Rehana tells Muhammad that she is a “[...] a poor potato” (Rushdie 7). A metaphor that gives a peak on what her life is like compared to the other women, but how else would a reader know if they do not read on? Suspense. “Good advice should find good money” (Rushdie 7), which is an analogy that lets us understand that this character is indeed poor, yet she does not wallow in self-pity. “She was a sparrow [...] they were men with hooded eyes like hawks” (Rushdie 9). A metaphor and a simile, used by the character Muhammad to explain the reality of things. She is the prey and the people at the consulate are predators and so she should be wary of them. It is indeed ironic of Muhammad to say so because he is also a hawk preying on the Tuesday women. The writer utilizes hyperboles as a literary device, “[...] love stories and green medicine, both of which cured happiness” (Rushdie 13, 14) which is an exaggeration that explains that the characters are usually sad when they leave the consulate. It also suggests that the consulate crushes the Tuesday people’s dreams every Tuesday.  </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> My Conclusion :: </span></div></H2> 
<div class="citajbm"> Salman Rushdie’s "Good Advice is Rarer than Rubies" is indeed a spellbinding story from the fore to the last word. He employs <strong><span style="font-size:20px; color: #000000; background-color: #FFFF00;">1) </span></strong> the character’s point of view, <strong><span style="font-size:20px; color: #000000; background-color: #FFFF00;">2) </span></strong> the setting, and <strong><span style="font-size:20px; color: #000000; background-color: #FFFF00;">2) </span></strong> expert use of language that intrigues one into the need to read the next word each time. He dwells on the plight of the people of this particular place, which is a constant need to escape the life that they are living. In the premise, he sets up that most want to leave. The writer, hence, makes the reader appreciate the characters, and with the use of suspense, helps to understand them deeply. </div> <br />

<div class="citajbm"> 
<span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> WORKS CITED —  REFERENCES :  </span> <br /><br />

• [1] Kumar, Amitava (Ed.) <i>Away: The Indian Writer as an Expatriate</i>. New York: Routledge, 2004.  <br /><br />

• [2] Rushdie, Salman. "Good Advice is Rarer Than Rubies". Revere Books ABAA & IOBA. 1994. Print.  <br /><br />

---. <a href="http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/368990613.pdf" title="">East, West</a>. New York: Pantheon Books, 1994. <br /> 
---. East, West. London: Vintage, 1995.

</div> <br /> <br />

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Essay — «Good Advice is Rarer Than Rubies; An Analysis» — [PDF]

An Analysis - Photo: illustration — [https://goo.gl/YB8GIp] In a five paragraph essay analyze how the author creates sus...

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Podcast — «TalkAboutFilms: The Movie «Crash» - [MP4/Video]

<div class="JBMCode"> "OVER BLACK we hear the sound of a violent rear-end COLLISION, brakes locking, metal crunching, tires skidding as a car spins, horns blaring, gravel spitting. Then silence. We start to glimpse faint, unfocused images of flashing lights". ["Crash" is a 2004 crime drama film co-written, produced, and directed by Paul Haggis.]</div><br /><br />

<div class="citajbm"> • ✔ <b> <a href="#clip" style="text-decoration: none;">"Crash" — is a movie</a></b> that exposes different kinds of <b><a href="#movie" style="text-decoration: none;"> social and multicultural differences </a>. </b> <a href="#mp3" style="text-decoration: none;"> I am creating a presentation on race relations, identity and integration, as well as the film Crash (directed by Paul Haggis, 2004)</a>. </div><br />

<center><font color="#301CE2"><strong> <a alt="Movie clip, via Youtube API" href="https://www.youtube.com/results?filters=long&lclk=long&search_query=movie+crash+2004" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Movie clip, via Youtube API"><font color="#301ce2">Movie clip, via Youtube API</font></a> | <a href="https://plus.google.com/111394417792438554096/about" rel="author" target="_blank"> — Madeirinha — </a> 
<a href="https://plus.google.com/111394417792438554096/posts" rel="publisher" target="_blank"> Benjamin Madeira — </a></strong></font></CENTER><br /><br />

<div itemscope> <div class="center"> <a class="highlightJBM" href="http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/2014/09/podcast-film-crash.html"> <img alt="Sociology Through Film CRASH - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira" border="0" height="336px" itemprop="photo" oncontextmenu="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" oncopy="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsOQLXaTVvZiAGHb1ut-C7umCmypdhwnYxk7YAP-LpYahcigNL1k4u7DWG8HN_YktgHmxMBO9vj8ERtKLNXpyCQ0EebaE3FtkGBbIj5MIA-WvHBrIWhKQbI5vZWrwxwew1TSwjtYzqs_v6/s600/crash-movie-BenjaminMadeira-com.jpg" title="Sociology Through Film CRASH - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira" width="520px" /> </a><br />
<span>Movie Crash 2004 - Photo: Hollywood</span> </div> </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The independent and foreign film discussion group "TalkAboutFilms" talks about the film: Crash. </span> </div> </H2> <br />

<H3> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Keywords: independent foreign film films cinema movie movies discussion discussions review reviews <br /><br />

Creative Commons license: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs </span> </div> </H3> <br />

<div class="comillas">Crash is set in Los Angeles, a city rich in diversity. Do you think that an area with such diversity would be more open or close minded about differences? Why?</div><br /><br />

<br /><br />

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  • <a href="#podcast" onclick="jwplayer('podcast').load({file: 'https://archive.org/download/TalkAboutFilmsCrashcrashmp3/crash.mp3'}); jwplayer('guate').play();"> [Full Audio / English] (mp3 file - 60min) "Talking about the film: Crash".</a> </span> </strong> </ul> </div> <br />

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Podcast — «TalkAboutFilms: The Movie «Crash» - [MP4/Video]

"OVER BLACK we hear the sound of a violent rear-end COLLISION, brakes locking, metal crunching, tires skidding as a car spins, horns ...

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ESL — «English is a Threat to the Norwegian Language» — [PDF/Video]

<div itemscope> <div style="text-align: center"> <a class="highlightJBM" href="https://benjaminmadeira.blogspot.com/2016/12/english-threats-norwegian.html"> <img alt="Is English a Threat to Norwegian Language? - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira" border="0" itemprop="photo" oncontextmenu="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" oncopy="alert('BenjaminMadeira.com - Official Website');return false" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimcvs0E7cp2hKmilY6LTxHh9OHw_G-VS5Fpn_xIceKREo7Iv-JpRlv4cuNCRQWRMKphWVm4FzjCXbWL-fK4fUbohbSwtky0JaXrnRpPklsRl-JshhOv9WnDvrYZo6IdF1YwGVp7Vn0kfb4/s600/norwegian-english-BenjaminMadeira-com.png" style="height:436px;width:436px" title="Is English a Threat to Norwegian Language? - Official Website - BenjaminMadeira"/> </a><br />
<span> <a href="#youtube" style="text-decoration: none;"><font color="#301ce2"> Globalization </font></a> - Photo: <a href="https://www.google.com/#q=Is+English+a+Threat+to+Norwegian+Language+site:benjaminmadeira.com" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Is English a Threat to Norwegian Language?"><font color="#FF4000"> © Creative Commons</font></a> / <a alt="Is English a Threat to Norwegian Language?" href="http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/search/label/pedagogy" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Is English a Threat to Norwegian Language?"><font color="#FF4000"> illustration </font></a> </span> </div> </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-size:17px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  — [https://goo.gl/lUAXRv] This post shortly outlines the present status of English in Norway, principally in relation to the growing presence of English lexical borrowings in Norwegian._______________________Some attention will also be devoted
to the views held by Norwegian linguists towards the potential threat that the English language represents, particularly in domains where it is likely to supersede the Norwegian language.</span></div></H2> <br /><br />

<div class="citajbm"> :: RT: One should also bear in mind ▶ https://goo.gl/ovVhVp ◀ that Norwegians are not alone as regards their fears of possible ‘eradication’ of their native languages due to the expansion of the English language. Also in Denmark and Sweden, the discussion on the allegedly devastating effect of English influence has been quite heated. ↠ #Norwegian #English</div> <br /><br />

<div class="JBMCode"> The number of people who speak Norwegian in the world is microscopic. In fact, Norwegian citizens keep hold of the English language as a device to communicate with the rest of the world. Numerous plants and animals are threatened and in danger of becoming extinct, and as a consequence of globalization, so are many languages. Many people consider Norwegian a threatened language, and the language considered to be threatening is English. Several words and phrases considered "Norwegian" are originally from the UK and other English speaking countries like the US. Words like chips, coaching, snowboard and dating are daily used in Norwegian language, and if the amount of English we use daily keep increasing, the Norwegian language will shortly be hanging by a thread.   <br />  <br />  <br />

On the contrary, many people claim that Norwegian is not a threatened language. However, if we look at society nowadays, it is pretty obvious why many people consider Norwegian as such an endangered and vulnerable language. If you turn on Norwegian television, there is a great chance that the language you will hear spoken is English; this fact even concerns the Norwegian TV channels. Even if you walk into a bookstore, you will find a wide range of books and magazines written in English. To top this off, hundreds of people go to the pictures every day to watch un-dubbed, subtitled, English films.   <br />  <br />  <br />

Globalization has made the world a smaller place. Norwegian terminology is minor and will cut short in many different areas. Every day, several Norwegian companies establish themselves in distant countries. There are also a number of foreign companies established in Norway. In a business or a shop, it is essential that the employees work together as a team. In view of that, English - as the world language - will be the most natural language to use.  </div> <br /><br />

<div class="JBMCode"> Almost every adult in Norway speaks English at a decent level. English is taught at school and is required within many fields. However, if the language within academia and business in Norway becomes English, it will lead to drastic consequences. The textbooks within the subject will be written in English, something that will consequence in English tuition at Norwegian universities. If this happens, and the ongoing tendencies considered Norwegian language continue - according to the former minister of culture Trond Giske - the Norwegian vocabulary will fade.  <br />  <br />  <br />

Most languages gradually fall apart when people stop using them, and start using different languages instead. Researchers at a famous Norwegian university can confirm this, and they believe that more than 50% of all the languages spoken today will fade away before the beginning of 2100. If this turns out to be the situation, the number of languages left in the world will go from roughly 6800 to approximately 3000. </div> <br /><br />

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<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> "ATTITUDES OF NORWEGIANS TOWARDS THE GROWING INFLUENCE OF ENGLISH," by WITOSŁAW AWEDYK, 2009, <a name="pdf">PDF</a> :: </span></div></H2> 
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<div style="text-align: center"> <strong><span style="font-size:14px; color: #000000; background-color: #FFFF00;">ATTITUDES OF NORWEGIANS TOWARDS THE GROWING INFLUENCE OF ENGLISH, by WITOSŁAW AWEDYK, 2009.</span></strong></div> <br />
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<div style="text-align: center"><font color="#0404B4"><span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:10pt"> [ <a class="explicacion"> <b>Claire Bowern, intended for nonprofit, home use / domestic, educational, discussion purposes only.</b> <span> Claire Bowern, for educational, discussion purposes only. </span></a> ] </span> </font> </div> <br />
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<div class="citajbm"> 
<span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style='font-size:20px;'>Sources :</span>  </span> <br /><br />

• [1] Altenberg, Bengt. 1998. "Connectors and sentence openings in English and Swedish." In: Johansson, Stig & Oksefjell, Signe (eds.). <i>Corpora and cross-linguistic research: theory, method and case studies</i>, Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp. 115-143. <br /><br />

• [2] Ansre, Gilbert. 1979. "Four rationalizations for maintaining European languages in education in Africa." African Languages 5/2, pp. 10-17. <br /><br />

• [3] Andersen, Margrethe Heidemann. 2002. <i>Engelsk i dansk. Sprogholdinig i Danmark. Helt vildt sjolvt eller wannabeagtigt og ejendomsmæglerkækt?</i> Copenhagen: Københavns Universitet.  <br /><br />

• [4] Awedyk, Witosław. 1996. "Engelske lånord i norske ungdommers tale." Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia 3, pp. 267-272.<br /><br />

• [5] Bakke, Elisabeth & Teigen, Håvard. 2001. <i>Kampen for språket. Nynorsken mellom det lokale og globale</i>. Oslo: Samlaget.<br /><br />

• [6] Brink, Lars. 1988. "Nordens folkesprog i fare?" <i>Nyt fra Språknevnet</i> 4, pp. 4-7.<br /><br />

• [7] Crystal, David. 2003. <i>English as a global language</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<br /><br />

• [8] Davidsen-Nielsen, Niels, Hansen, Erik & Jarvad, Pia (eds.). 1999. <i>Engelsk eller ikke engelsk? That is the question. Engelsk indflydelse på dansk</i>. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.<br /><br />

• [9] De Swaan, Abram. 2001. <i>Words of the world. The global language system</i>. Cambridge: Polity Press.<br /><br />

• [10] Duszak, Anna & Okulska, Urszula (eds.). 2004. Speaking from the margin. Global English from a European perspective. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.<br /><br />

• [11] Ellingsve, Eli Johanne. 1999. "Domenefraskrivelse og domenetap." <i>Nordica Bergensia</i> 20, pp. 103-118.<br /><br />

• [12] Faarlund, Jan Terje. 1997. <i>Språknytt</i> 3, Editorial.<br /><br />

• [13] Gottlieb, Henrik. 2004. "Danish echoes of English." <i>Nordic Journal of English Studies</i> 3, pp.39-66.<br /><br />

• [14] Graddol, David. 1997. <i>The future of English? Guide to forecasting the popularity of the English language in the 21 century</i>. London: The British Council.<br /><br />

• [15] Graedler, Anne-Line & Johansson, Stig. 1997. <i>Anglisismeordboka</i>. Oslo: Univeristetsforlaget.<br /><br />

• [16] Graedler, Anne-Line. 1994. "Mixer du languagen?" <i>Image</i> 1, pp.28-30.<br /><br />

——— 1997. "Engelske lånord i bølger og drypp". <i>Språknytt</i> 3, pp.1-4.<br /><br />

——— 1998. "Morhological, semantic and functional aspects of English lexical borrowings in Norwegian." (= <i>Acta Humanoria</i> 40). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.<br /><br />

——— 1999. "Where English and Norwegian meet: codeswitching in written texts." In: Hasselgård, Hilde & Oksefjell, Signe (eds.). <i>Out of corpora. Studies in honour of Stig Johansson</i>. Amsterdam & Atlanta GA: Rodopi, pp.327-343.<br /><br />

——— 2004. "Modern loanwords in the Nordic countries. Presentation of a project." <i>Nordic Journal of English Studies</i> 3, pp. 5-21.<br /><br />

• [17] Greenall, Ann Jorid Klugervik. 2005. "To translate or not to translate: Attitudes towards English loanwords in Norwegian." In: Preisler, Bent et. al. (eds.), pp. 212-226.<br /><br />

• [18] Gottlieb, Henrik. 2004. "Danish echoes of English." <i>Nordic Journal of English Studies</i> 3, pp. 39-65.<br /><br />

• [19] Hasselgård, Hilde. 1997. "Sentence openings in English and Norwegian." In: Ljung, Magnus (ed.), <i>Corpus-based studies in English</i>. Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp.3-20.<br /><br />

• [20] Hellberg, Steffan. 1986. "Engelska i svenskan – på olika nivåer i språket". <i>Språkvård</i> 1, pp.33-35.  <br /><br />

• [21] Jarvad, Pia. 1995. <i>Nye ord – hvorfor og hvordan?</i>, Copenhagen: Gyldendal. <br /><br />

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ESL — «English is a Threat to the Norwegian Language» — [PDF/Video]

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Multicultural tolerance? — «The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise» — (Videos/PDF)

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<span> <a href="#mp3" style="text-decoration: none;"><font color="#301ce2"> A Myth Demolished </font></a> - Photo: <a href="https://www.google.com/#q=The+Myth+of+the+Andalusian+Paradise+site:benjaminmadeira.com" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise"><font color="#FF4000"> © Creative Commons</font></a> / <a alt="The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise" href="http://www.benjaminmadeira.com/search/label/religion" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise"><font color="#FF4000"> illustration </font></a> </span> </div> </div> <br />

<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-size:17px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  — [http://goo.gl/Zn7nlO] The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise: Muslims, Christians, and Jews Under Islamic Rule in Medieval Spain_______________________by Darío Fernández-Morera.</span></div></H2> <br /><br />

<div class="citajbm"> :: RT: Darío Fernández-Morera ▶ https://goo.gl/E1ARwR ◀ «The existence of a Muslim kingdom in Medieval Spain where different races and religions lived harmoniously in multicultural tolerance is one of today’s most widespread myths. | #mozárabes #christians #muslims #jews #religion #salafism </div> <br /><br />

<div class="JBMCode"> In this groundbreaking book, Northwestern University scholar Darío Fernández-Morera tells the full story of Islamic Spain. The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise shines light on hidden history by drawing on an abundance of primary sources that scholars have ignored, as well as archaeological evidence only recently unearthed. <br /><br />

This supposed beacon of peaceful coexistence began, of course, with the Islamic Caliphate’s conquest of Spain. Far from a land of religious tolerance, Islamic Spain was marked by religious and therefore cultural repression in all areas of life and the marginalization of Christians and other groups—all this in the service of social control by autocratic rulers and a class of religious authorities. <br /><br />

The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise provides a desperately needed reassessment of medieval Spain. As professors, politicians, and pundits continue to celebrate Islamic Spain for its “multiculturalism” and “diversity,” Fernández-Morera sets the historical record straight—showing that a politically useful myth is a myth nonetheless. </div>  <br /><br />

<div style="text-align: center"> <strong><span style="font-size:14px; color: #000000; background-color: #FFFF00;"> Scholars, journalists, and politicians uphold Muslim-ruled medieval Spain—“al-Andalus”—as a multicultural paradise, a place where Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived in harmony.</span></strong></div> <br />
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<div style="text-align: center"><span style="color: blue"><span style="font-size: 13pt; line-height:12pt"> <strong> The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise, Darío Fernández-Morera, 2016. </strong> </span></span></div> 
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<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: darkgreen"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:10pt"> [ <a class="explicacion"> <b>Darío Fernández-Morera, intended for nonprofit, home use / domestic, educational, discussion purposes only.</b> <span> Darío Fernández-Morera, discussion purposes only. </span></a> ] </span> </span> </div> <br />
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<div class="citajbm"> Darío Fernández-Morera has done the work of serious scholarship in demythologizing the supposed tolerant and benevolent Islamic civilization in Spain. North African Berbers, or “Moors were Islamic warriors that entered Christian Spain and defeated the Visigothic king Rodrigo. The brutality with which the Muslims subjugated the Catholic population was NOT very harmonious. </div> <br />

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<H2> <div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(180, 95, 6); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> "The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise: Muslims, Christians, and Jews under Islamic Rule in Medieval Spain," by Darío Fernández-Morera, 2016, <a name="pdf">PDF</a> :: </span></div></H2> 
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<div style="text-align: center"> <span style="color: darkgreen"> <span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height:10pt"> [ <a class="explicacion"> <b>PDF, Darío Fernández-Morera, intended for nonprofit, home use / domestic, educational, discussion purposes only.</b> <span> PDF, Darío Fernández-Morera, discussion purposes only. </span></a> ] </span> </span> </div> <br />

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<center><strong><span style="font-size:18px; color: #000000; background-color: #FFFF00;">New uploaded videos on Youtube about #TheMythOfAlAndalus ::</span></strong></CENTER><br />
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